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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/43395a413921417dae7245f68e238901.pdf
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Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, Tape 79
Interviewee: Ted Potter
Interviewer: Karalyn Shelton
Date: 12 June 1973
Transcriber: J. McTaggart
Karalyn Shelton: This is an interview with Mr. Ted Potter for the Appalachian Oral History Project by
Karalyn Shelton at Mr. Potter's home on June 12th, 1973. Okay, where were you born, Mr. Potter?
Ted Potter: I was born up, back up there on the mountain.
KS: In this area?
TP: Yes.
KS: Okay. What year were you born in?
TP: 1908.
KS: Okay. Uh, do you know Tamarack got its name?
TP: Mm no. I don't know unless they got it from the Tamaracks and [inaudible].
KS: Okay, well um has anything happened in this community that you can think of that really changed it?
TP: It's changed a lot. They made that road. Roads are getting better.
KS: They're better now.
TP: Yeah.
KS: How did they used to be?
Female voice: [Inaudible].
TP: [Inaudible] rocky...
KS: Okay, do you know who some of the first settlers were in this area?
TP: The first settlers?
KS: Mm hm, what families?
TP: I reckon it was the Mains and Potters.
KS: Okay, what were your parents' names?
TP: Johno Potter and Lily Potter.
�KS: Where were they born?
TP: Well, I think Mama was born right here in the barn, wasn't she...
FV: I think so.
KS: Well, where was your daddy born, just in this area?
TP: Yeah, he must've been born...l wanna say, I believe he was born back up on the mountain.
KS: Well, how many children were there in your family?
TP: In my family?
KS: Yeah.
TP: Eleven.
KS: Eleven?
TP: Yeah.
KS: Well, what are their names and ages?
TP: [Inaudible]
Female voice: [Inaudible]
KS: Who came after Bert?
TP: [Inaudible] and then Lady Bell and then Boyd...
KS: You wanna read 'em to me?
Female voice: No, I can't see [inaudible]...
KS: Well after Lady Bell was Boyd then Nel and then Rosimer (?) then Ted Ward, Bonnie Lou and born in
1908, and then Ms. [inaudible] was born in 1910, okay. Well, what about your family, your mama and
daddy's family. How many young'uns was in that family?
TP: Five of us.
KS: What were all their names?
TP: Well, uh there's...
Female voice: There's Ted and Ennie (?) and Nan (?) and Charles and Rob of the [inaudible] first family.
Wasn't there?
TP: Yeah and then there's seven in the last one.
�FV: Well, we'll have to count 'em up I don't know how many. There's uh Fred and Howard and Dane and
Velma and Juanita, they call her Tu, who's the other ones?
TP:Johno.
FV: Yeah, Johno. That's six.
TP: And Bart.
FV: Bart's seven.
KS: That's a big family.
FV: I believe that's all of them. Then they've got three, three of the...one of the first one's to join
[inaudible]...
TP: Two, two's dead...
FV: Two's dead.
KS: Well, what did your daddy do for a living?
TP: Well, he uh carried the mail and...
FV: I give up [inaudible].
KS: He logged?
TP: Yeah, yeah, he logged for years when he wasn't carrying the mail.
KS: Well, how did he carry the mail?
TP: Well, he walked to the post office down here at the forks of the road up on the mountain and then
he'd ride from [inaudible] to uh [inaudible].
KS: So he walked and rode the horse?
TP: Yes,
KS: Well, um how much land did your daddy have?
TP: I believe this whole town. Well, when he was dying he was still in charge of 150 acres [inaudible].
KS: Well, did you move a lot or did you just stay around in this area?
TP: [Inaudible] You mean did he move or?
KS: No, you.
TP: No, I've lived right here all my life ever since I've been married and that's forty...43 years?
�FV: I don't know! [Inaudible]
TP: [Chuckles]
KS: But you've lived in this house right here for all them many years?
TP: No; we lived in an old house.
FV: No, we lived in a little ol' box house up here in [inaudible].
TP: I guess I moved well about 20 feet still from [inaudible].
KS: Mm hm, well where did you go to school?
TP: Down here at [inaudible] down by the post office.
KS: How many years did you get to go to school?
TP: Well, I didn't, well I [inaudible] third grade. I [inaudible] didn't go much.
KS: How many months did they have school out of the year?
FV: Six back then I think!
TP: Yeah, they had [inaudible] six months out of the year.
KS: Well, what were the teachers like?
TP: Well, there's uh Charlotte Thompson was my teacher [chuckles] and Ms. Rainy. She's a middle age
woman, wasn't she?
FV:Yeah.
TP: Uh, Louise Sutherland, you remember her don't you? How she looked?
KS: No, I don't believe I can.
TP: She teach school down here. [Inaudible] them [inaudible] that lives over there in the Cove Creek
they teach down here. [Inaudible] Weinberger he teach down here.
KS: Well, what were they like, were they strict with you?
TP: Yeah, they [inaudible] up on you. Well, they'd take kids back down uh make them [inaudible]. I
reckon they're meaner now. They're now [inaudible]. They had to be rough on us [chuckles].
KS: How were they meaner?
TP: [Inaudible] just [inaudible] right there. You know where [inaudible] and stuff like that. They wasn't
uh they hit, when I [inaudible] beat up on you and I reckon it'd make you a lot meaner.
�KS: Oh well, what kind of punishment did they have?
TP: Well, they'd [inaudible] roots with a [inaudible].
KS: Well, what subjects did they teach?
TP: You mean in Boone?
KS: Uh huh.
TP: Here at [inaudible] I don't know what it really, I forget really what was the highest grades. Back then
they had these old timey primers. You know when you first start middle school.
KS: Well, did you just have a primer in the first grade?
TP: Yeah, that's all we had just...
FV: They had ABC's and [inaudible].
TP: Yeah, you just had back in them days there wasn't like [inaudible]. [Inaudible] uh saw mills, logs and
timber.
KS: Mm hm.
TP: And you had to do all the work [inaudible] with horse and mules and steers and oxens would haul
'em.
KS: Well, did your whole family get to go to school?
TP: Yes, they all went a little, I reckon.
KS: Have the schools changed much over the years?
TP: Oh yeah, they've changed a lot.
KS: How have they changed?
TP: Well, you see they put this transportation on and they cut these schools out of the settlements. And
put the buses on them see takes uh the kids there.
KS: What was the first job you ever had?
TP: Well I, I've logged. I've logged here. It wasn't too long. [Inaudible] with a hoe was. Back then you
didn't have no work [inaudible].
KS: Well, what else did they have besides the hoe?
�TP: Maybe some old turning [inaudible] you turn the ground and then I don't reckon there's any
[inaudible] back in them days. One of these old wooden [inaudible] and most of 'em just go over and cut
'em [inaudible] brash, stone brash [inaudible].
KS: Oh, well did you do any...
FV: [Inaudible] just a dollar a day and sometimes it was like 90 cents.
TP: Yeah, now-a-day we [inaudible]. Way back years, before they had [inaudible] it was about 50 cents a
day.
KS: Well, did you have any other jobs besides logging?
TP: Not before I was married.
KS: Well, what else have you done?
TP: I've carried the mail and was carrying the mail when I was married. Then they build some bigger
roads to go on.
FV: You worked over yonder at [inaudible].
TP: I drove on that trade road from Craigstate(?) line. I have to build a [inaudible] over there on that
road that goes through [inaudible].
KS: When was the hardest time you ever had getting a job?
TP: Well uh, to take on the time uh you could hardly get a job.
KS: When was this?
TP: I had to [inaudible] married and...
KS: Was this during the Depression?
TP: Yeah, yeah right in there, the Depression.
KS: Well, how did it affect you and your family?
TP: [Inaudible] uh had to dig lots of roots and skin cherry bark to get along.
KS: Well, did you raise your own food?
TP:Yeah.
KS: What did you raise?
TP: Corn and beans and meat.
�KS: What kind of meat?
TP: Hog meat, killed about two hogs every fall.
FV: Raised buckwheat and make pancakes.
TP: [Laughter]
FV: [Laughter]
KS: Well, did you raise any of these crops to sell?
TP: No, took about all of 'em back then [inaudible]. It wasn't like it is now. You what you made, you see
people went through the summer made their uh what you say your meat and veggies. You raised your
corn and had it to your mill grain or go to the mill every couple during the week.
KS: Well, where was this mill at?
TP: Uh well, there's some all right along up and [inaudible] had one up here. Fred Emerson he lives up
there; he had a mill up there [inaudible]. Earl Lynn he had mill there for years.
FV: [Inaudible] had one up there.
TP: Yeah, Frank Naylor had one up there.
KS: Well, can you remember anything about the banks during the Depression?
TP: Well, the banks?
KS:Mmhm.
TP: Yeah, they went bank, they claimed that they went broke or busted.
KS: Well, did you have any money in at that time?
TP: No [chuckles]. You couldn't have no money back them days.
KS: Uh huh, well, where were you working during the Depression?
TP: Well, I had to quit carrying the mail I just make a [inaudible] around on the farm. Make what we eat
just skinning cherry bark and haw bark and digging roots.
KS: How much money did you get for this cherry bark and roots and stuff?
TP: Well, I don't know it wasn't...cherry bark it wasn't over 2 cents, was it?
FV: No.
TP: And the haw bark it run up 6 maybe cents a pound, wasn't it?
�8
FV: [Inaudible] for 5 cents then it went up to 8 [inaudible].
KS: Well, back during the Depression it took a whole lot of cherry bark and stuff to get money didn't it?
TP: Yeah it just, you had work pretty steady at it. Like [inaudible] you had to work pretty steady at it to
uh get something to eat.
KS: Well, did any of your children have to leave home or anything during that time to get a job?
TP: No, no they wasn't big enough to.
KS: Oh, they wasn't?
TP: And we got a pretty well grown [inaudible] Bernice she took that polio.
KS: Well, um do you remember any programs like WPA or CCC?
TP: Yeah, when they first started that WPA I think we first went to work on [inaudible] work up and
down the roads. And they give a lot, give us an [inaudible] that store up there at Boone. We'd go up
there and get had to go up there and take that [inaudible] team. Me and [inaudible].
KS: So you worked on...
FV: [Inaudible] talking [inaudible].
TP: Nobody gives them...they had to [inaudible]. The store gave enough wheat for your work all week
and you had to take it to Boone up there and [inaudible] the store and take that...
KS: Well, did you work on the WPA?
TP:Yeah.
KS: Well, what all did you do?
TP: Well, I helped build that surge line or sewage in Boone up there on the State Farm. And then later I
worked in Blowing Rock a year or two, didn't I?
FV: Yeah.
TP: Walk up there to uh go over there into Wade [inaudible]. It's through the mountain and catch the
state truck there and ride it on into Blowing Rock.
KS: Well, can you remember the first car that came in here?
TP: Yeah.
KS: Well, uh who had it?
TP: Will Sutherland.
�KS: What kind was it?
TP: I think it's an old A-Model and cloth top.
KS: Well, what'd you think about it when you saw that?
TP: [Laughter] I don't know what I thought about it them days. Shoot. My memories just a little bit
[inaudible]. Down there right well when that old road come up through there then is right in front of
that old house I lived on where my grandpap lived. He drove it up there and turned it. An old two seater,
cloth top A-Model.
KS: Well, before that how did people get around?
TP: [Inaudible] buggies, hecks (?), wagons...
KS: What's a heck?
FV: Riding horse.
TP: [Laughter] Yeah, it's an old four wheel outfit with two seats on it made like a buggy. It had a bed on
it and had two seats on it.
KS: Well, uh what churches did they have around here then?
TP: Uh Baptist Church it set down here where this Baptist Church is. And then the Christian Church uh it
set down right down uh just about where Curtis [inaudible] store is.
KS: Well, where did most people go to church around here?
TP: Well, they split up like they're now, part of 'em go to the Baptist Church and part to the Christian
Church.
KS: Well, do you think the preachers have changed much over the years?
TP: Well, I don't know whether they have or not. They, I know one thing they've done they've back them
days they would walk and now-a-days they ride they've got the cars to ride in [chuckles].
KS: Where did they walk from?
TP: Well, you see they'd walk from or ride horses from wherever they lived, you see, to church.
KS: Well, did they ever spend the night with any of the members or anything?
TP: Yeah, back them days they would stay over. Well, uh most of would have a week's meat and they'd
spend a week with uh Christians one day and members of the church and they'd spend the nights.
KS: Well, how did the teachers do? Did they stay with students or did they have their homes around
here?
�10
TP: Uh, you see Earl Wineberger he lived back in yonder there and he had a big he had him a horse, a
grey horse and a black one. He'd ride one of the horses and ask [inaudible] or one of the boys to ride the
other one across the mountain. And I don't know, I forget how Charles Hompson got over here. I don't
know, seemed like he boarded. [Inaudible] but I have I can't remember where exactly—it seems like he
boarded in [inaudible].
KS: Well, did the Depression affect the schools in anyway?
TP: Yeah, that Depression is hard on everybody.
KS: Well, how did the schools change during that time?
TP: Well, they never changed too much they just keep dragging along you know just people trying to
send their young'uns. Once they got big enough they had to help work the fields, making corn, and stuff
like that.
KS: Who do you think was hit the hardest by the depression?
TP: Well, I don't know. See if the banks went broke like they claim they did then them fellers that had
decent money in 'em of course it hurt them. But [inaudible] to keep something to keep the poor man he
didn't have [inaudible].
KS: Well, back in the days when you was younger, did they have any bad men or outlaws or anything
around here?
TP: Yeah, they were here. [Inaudible] Potters they think he was bad and then they had a killing, well a lot
a killing. Several was killed down there. And they spread the [inaudible]. There were several killed down
there and they [inaudible].
KS: Were those people born here or did they just come into to this section?
TP: Wel,l part of 'em come in from Kentucky. 01' man Brooms(?) then [inaudible] then they come in, you
see.
KS: Well, who was the sheriff then?
TP: I 'bout forgot [coughs] who was the High Sheriff. The first one I remember was uh I believe his name
was Young, Sheriff Young they called him. His name was Young. And he had a daddy that Ed Horton, I
think was his daddy [inaudible]. They change so much, you see, and I think the time I just can't...
KS: Did any of 'em ever get killed?
TP: No, not at all. Officers never did get killed,
KS: Did Tamarack have a jail or anything?
TP: No, no, they take 'em out. When they arrest 'em, they take 'em to Boone's jail just like they do now.
�11
KS: What kind of buildings did they have, like post office and stuff like that?
TP: They just old building, store house just like the one on old [inaudible], store house [inaudible]. Of
course, some of 'em was bigger but just like uh it like [inaudible].
KS: Well, where was the country store around here?
TP: Down there at the fork in the road. Frank Miller owned a store there for years. And then uh after he
quit uh Curtis Potter took up the store down there.
KS: What all kinds of things did they carry in their store?
TP: Well, they carried dried goods and groceries and uh every now and then you'd buy you coffee. You'd
have to buy and the grain. Most of the time you'd have to parch it, grind it at [chuckles] the mill.
KS: Well, did anybody moonshine around here?
TP: Yeah, they [inaudible] moonshining and bootlegging went on back them days, back when I was a
boy.
[END OF SIDE ONE]
TP: ...with a you can cook then you had a six gallon barrel and a little beat boxes back then. They took a
bushel of meal there to the barrel and they put the malt and rye chalk. I've even put a gallon of rye chalk
in the barrel. It takes that about a week to go sour and work off and make the alcohol.
KS: Was it good?
TP: Yeah, just like the on his grain [inaudible] back them days once drain for the [inaudible]. See they,
see they don't know what to make out of it.
KS: Did anybody ever try to stop 'em from making moonshine?
TP: Yeah, the law they's report 'em in and the law they would come and search and hunt for 'em, see. If
they had to arrest a man, they'd have to [inaudible] back when I was a boy put him on a horse up behind
them and take him in [chuckles].
KS: Any revenuers ever come in?
TP: No, I don't reckon there wasn't no federal [inaudible] back then it was just the county officers that
there.
KS: Well, what did they do to you when they took you to Boone?
TP: Well, they was pretty rough on 'em. They fined 'em maybe they'd have to go to jail cells.
KS: How much did moonshine cost?
�12
TP: I believe you could buy you uh it was you could buy a [inaudible] for $10 a gallon.
KS: It was that expensive?
TP: Huh?
KS: It was that expensive?
TP: Yeah, they'd sell it to trade for $10 a gallon and where'd they take a [inaudible] then they'd have for
about $6 a gallon. And take it back into Tennessee in [inaudible]. I believe they put about six and four,
they put about four cans to a hemp sack, tow sack they called 'em, and they'd put one on each side of a
horse roll up on the horse and take it to Tennessee. Take it over night and they'd stay overnight over
there. And then there was a drunk and they come at it. They would get them two or three half gallon
cans and they [inaudible] in their saddle pockets and ride off with it.
KS: [Chuckles] Well, what did you do for amusement when you was a little boy?
TP: For what?
KS: For amusement, what did you play with?
TP: I forget. You see, back then there wasn't no toys to play with it was just, I forget. Little kids back
them days there wasn't much to play with [inaudible]. We had no toys like there is now.
KS: What was Christmas like?
TP: Well, they [car horn honks] there's some difference in it, not too much. There's, now-a-days people
they buy most of 'em buys their cakes and stuff. Back them days they'd [inaudible] and bake.
KS: Did you have Christmas trees?
TP: No, no Christmas tree [inaudible, chuckles].
KS: Didn't anybody have a Christmas tree?
TP: No, they didn't. Nobody had a Christmas tree.
KS: Did anybody believe in Santa Claus?
TP: Well maybe, some of the kids would. And back then they'd go around your neighbors and go around
and fix up some kind of old [inaudible] spaces maybe the night before Christmas. They just [inaudible]
candy, there wasn't no toys then [inaudible].
KS: How much did candy cost back then?
TP: I forget just one cost but it was way damn cheap I [inaudible]. You can get a right smart little pop for
a dime [inaudible] candy in buckets. Well, I guess it [inaudible] in buckets, wooden buckets, the bulk
candy was. The stick candy was in boxes like it is now I'd say. And there wasn't no uh well there way up,
�Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, N.C.
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3
way up that [inaudible] I don't reckon it was the later I got going [inaudible] bark candy, you know,
would break your teeth, it was just all loose candy.
KS: What kind of medicines did they use back then? TP: Well, I don't know. If anybody gets sick they just go, go to the doctor. And I don't know I reckon he
made his medicine.
KS: What kinds did he use?
TP: Huh?
KS: What kinds of medicines did he use?
TP: Well there, use quinine and you know stuff like that most the time. And I don't know what else he uh
made medicine out of.
KS: Well, what about home remedies? What kind of home remedies did they have?
TP: What?
KS: That your mama made up.
TP: Well, they make bone-sift (?) tea and there's some other kind of tea. See there wasn't no aspirins or
none of these pills like there is now. No aspirins...nothing like that.
KS: Can you remember any legends or tales or superstitions that people had back then that's maybe
been passed down to you?
TP: No.
KS: Did your grandfather ever tell you anything about the Civil War or your Papa?
TP: No, I never did hear any him talk too much about it [inaudible]...
[Children yelling in background]
TP: You see, if they wasn't [inaudible] ol' Grandpap he was [inaudible]. He was just uh...his daddy
[inaudible] and Granny's daddy [inaudible].
KS: Was there ever any Negro slaves around here that you heard about?
TP: Yeah, up here on the [inaudible] place used to be a family of Negros that lived up there.
KS: Were they slaves?
TP: No, no they lived up there just like any other family go and make their, made their living.
KS: Well, how did people like 'em?
�Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, N.C.
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_4
TP: Uh they liked 'em all right. They had a little good I reckon they would you know barter with 'em and
ask somebody if they talked to 'em. Yeah they's...! forget what the nigger man's name was but the lady
her name was Reena [inaudible]. [Note: this is the Red or Read family.] Most of 'ems buried up there
just to go up and touch [inaudible].
KS: Would people around here very superstitious back then?
TP: No, they wasn't superstitious.
KS: Was there anything you can think to tell me about the old days?
TP: No [chuckles], you forget a lot.
KS: Mm hm, would you like to live back there in them days, now?
TP: Well I don't know whether I would or not. It's...back them days nobody much tried to save, save any
money like they do now-a-days. Always looking at any [inaudible] to make their what they went up on,
you know, to raise a family.
KS: Well, thank you.
[END]
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region.
The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students.
Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU.
An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school.
This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information.
Contributor
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Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965-1989
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Scanned by
Wetmore, Dana
Equipment
Hp Scanjet 8200
Scan date
2014-02-27
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Interview with Ted Potter, June 12, 1973
Description
An account of the resource
Ted Potter was born in Tamarack, NC in 1908 and throughout his life was a logger, mail carrier, and farmer.
Mr. Potter recalls childhood memories of Christmas, moonshining, and the Great Depression. He discusses the schoolhouse experience from his childhood as well as farming during the Great Depression.
Creator
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Shelton, Karalyn
Potter, Ted
Source
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<a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/12/1973
Rights
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Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited.
Extent
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14 pages
Language
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English
English
Type
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document
Identifier
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111_tape79_TedPotter_1973_06_12M001
Spatial Coverage
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Todd, NC
Subject
The topic of the resource
Potter, Ted--Interviews
Depressions--1929--North Carolina--Tamarack
Farm life--North Carolina--Tamarack--20th century
Tamarack (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century
Boone
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps
farming
Great Depression
moonshining
North Carolina
schoolhouse
Tamarack
Ted Potter
Works Progress Administration
WPA