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Oral History Transcript
Appalachian State University • Collection 111, Tape 48
Interviewee: Ralph Hayes
Interviewer: Bill Brinkley
1973, March 28
BB: Bill Brinkley
RH: Ralph Hayes
BB: This is an interview with Mr. Ralph Hayes for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Bill
Brinkley in Boone, NC on March 28, 1973. Mr. Hayes, I understand that you’re co-director of the
wagon train that comes up through here. Could you tell us how that got started?
RH: A Mr. Moore, I understand, from Wilkes County, probably about 12 years ago got the idea.
He got a few people interested and it got under way. The first year was the smallest train they
had, maybe 25 wagons. He just got some people from Yadkin County, Wilkes County, and a few
from Watauga County to do this thing, and that year they roughed it.
They roughed it just like you would in the old days; they did their cooking, hauled their own
feed in the wagons and slept in the wagons and the outside, what you have, like they would
have done in the Daniel Boone days. And of course they all dressed in their authentic clothing
of that day, which made a very nice train. And since then it has just continued to grow year
after year, and its grown to the point to where they’re having to cut it off to keep from getting
more people than they can handle.
BB: Did you say they were dressed in the authentic clothes of the olden days? Long dresses?
RH: Right. A majority of people that are connected with the train still dress that way.
BB: How were the men dressed?
RH: They would dress in coonskin caps, leather jackets, and boots; near about what they wore
in those days.
BB: Where does the wagon train start?
RH: It originates in Wilkesboro. They assemble at the fairgrounds in North Wilkesboro and on
one day, and then they have a parade through both towns – North Wilkesboro and Wilkesboro.
The next morning they leave on their journey up the old Daniel Boone Trail, coming up the
Yadkin River and the first stop is Ferguson.
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�They spend the first night at Ferguson, and there the Ferguson Community Club prepares the
meal for them, and of course the public is invite. They have for their entertainment about the
same thing at all four stops: string music, string bands, and square dancing. People that
participate in the square dances, most of them, especially the ladies – they’ll have the long
dresses and bonnets on.
BB: Did you say the first stop was in Ferguson?
RH: Right.
BB: What were the others?
RH: Then their next stop is Darby, its in Wilkes County. They have about the same thing in
Darby as they would have in Ferguson: entertainment of course. The Darby Community Club
feeds the Wagon Trail and also visitors, and you have about the same thing there. Then when
they leave Darby, their next stop is Triplett and so our club, the Community Club of Triplett, we
always have a country ham supper and it draws a lot of people.
I believe last year we fried 850 pounds of ham, about 60 gallons of green beans, 300 pounds of
coleslaw, 250 pounds of sliced tomatoes, 500 pounds of potato salad, 225 pounds of pound
cake. We have a pretty good feed around there.
BB: Did you say the public is invited?
RH: Right.
BB: Just anybody can come?
RH: Anybody can come that wants to. The price of the plate last year, I don’t expect it to
increase this year, was $2 and nobody leaves hungry. We just don’t let anybody leave hungry.
BB: Do the string music groups travel with the train or does each community sponsor that?
RH: No, I wouldn’t say they travel with the train, but there will be about two or three different
bands will show up at each one of these places.
BB: Could you give us an idea of the amount of money that you put into these meals?
RH: Yes, our grocery bill will run about $1,600 and of course, we make a little profit, but not a
big amount, because we want people to have as much as they want to eat. We rather people
would come to our community and we feed them good, and they can leave and have something
nice to say about us than to have their money.
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�BB: How do you go about acquiring all this food for preparation?
RH: We get together, two or three of us, probably me and Stewart Simmons you might say and
we set down and make up our menu of what we’re going to feed this year and try to estimate
about how many people that we will have, which is sometimes hard to do.
We have run out of food. He’s in the grocery business there in the community, and he buys all
this stuff for us, wholesale, and thanks to him at no extra charge. He just charges us what it
costs him. We also buy the hams from him, and old good-natured Stewart, he gives us a little
cut on the hams and so it’s a community project and the community’s cooperation is 100%.
We’ll sometimes have more workers than we can use, but they’re standing in the wings just
waiting for somebody to holler. It’s just a community effort, and that’s why its been so
successful for us.
BB: Everybody in the community comes in and does all the cooking?
RH: Yes.
BB: Could you give us an idea of how many you fed last year?
RH: We fed 1,120 plates, and of course I don’t remember just how much the stands did. We
have a stand that sells country ham sandwiches, hot dogs, and hamburgers. Then we have two
drink trucks that come to serve the drinks for the people, and also cotton candy. We get 25% of
their gross take.
BB: Do you have the same think year after year, or do you vary any?
RH: No, we vary from year to year in the vegetables. Now, I don’t know what we’ll try to feed
this year, but last year it was green beans, potato salad, coleslaw, sliced tomato, and cream
corn. So we try to give the people a choice. If they don’t want a choice, we give them some of
all of it.
BB: Is the square dance like the old-time square dances?
RH: Oh yes, we always have somebody to call the dances.
BB: Do you ever have any wagons breakdown?
RH: Right. There will be from the trip from North Wilkesboro to Boone, there will be two or
three wagons that will break an axle or lose a wheel, or something will happen. But there are
always some good blacksmiths in the train. So three or four will jump in and help the guy, and
get him right back on the road in a few minutes.
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�BB: The blacksmiths travel in the train?
RH: There’ll be three or our blacksmiths riding that train, and horses will lose shoes and when
they come into, say Triplett, you can look around and see people all over the parking area
putting new shoes on the horses where they had thrown the shoe on the rocks and gravel.
BB: How far do people come for this?
RH: We’ve had them on the trail from Hawaii. They come from Ohio. Well, practically every
state. I believe that there were 25 states represented in the wagon train last year.
BB: Is there a place like maybe “Rent-a-Wagon?”
RH: Yes, there are some people around North Wilkesboro, or Ferguson that will rent a wagon.
They will do a taxi service I understand. There’s a Scout troop from Cleveland, Ohio that’s been
on the train for the last two years and two or three wagons, they have hired these wagons from
around North Wilkesboro, just a taxi service you might say.
BB: Do you have any idea of what the price for one of these wagons might be?
RH: No, I sure don’t. I don’t think I’ve ever heard what the price would be. It wouldn’t be
excessive, I’m sure.
BB: When you get to Boone, this is where you break up? Is that correct?
RH: Right. When they leave Triplett, usually at 8 o’clock in the morning, they get into Boone at 2
o’clock in the afternoon. So they have the same thing here. Now, I believe it’s the fire
departments in the county that have catered food for the last several years. I believe it was the
Deep Gap Fire Department last year.
They spend the night. They get into Boone usually on Friday night or Friday afternoon. They
spend Friday night with about the same thing that you would find at the other ones as far as
entertainment is concerned. Most of the people that you will have out at night will be looking
at the livestock, the wagons, and what you have, and it’s quite a show.
It’s a real show for people that have never seen something like that, and then, to end the
wagon train, and then they have a parade through Boone. Then after the parade, they break up
and head for the different parts of the country.
BB: Like a big celebration at the end of it?
RH: Right.
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�BB: How long does this last, about how many days?
RH: Leaves Wilkesboro, North Wilkesboro, comes to Ferguson on the first stop, Darby on the
second, and Triplett on the third, and Boone on the fourth. It involves about six days; it’s a
week of travel.
BB: Is there a cost to enter into the wagon train?
RH: I believe it’s a $1 registration fee.
BB: And that’s all it cost other than food, etc.?
RH: Right. That’s all, just the registration fee, and you do have to be registered before you can
enter.
BB: What is the reason for that?
RH: The way they can keep check on how many wagons and horseback riders that they’re
having, because if they didn’t have some way of registering these people and keeping check on
them, then you wouldn’t know how many that you’re doing to have to start your train.
BB: How many wagons do you have in the train?
RH: Ordinarily about 85, and probably 150 horseback riders.
BB: Is all the travel on dirt roads?
RH: No, they have some paved roads from North Wilkesboro to within four or five miles of
Darby. I wouldn’t know how many miles it was, not an excessive amount of paved roads, and
then the rest is dirt roads. When they leave Triplett, they come up the old trail that is know now
as “Jakes Mountain Road” and they come out at the (Blue Ridge) Parkway out here in the
Bamboo section, and then cross the river into town.
BB: You’re not on any major roads?
RH: No, nothing on primary roads.
BB: Do they take water along in old-timey barrels?
RH: Yes, each wagon will have an old wooden barrel on the side of the wagon with the wooden
spigot. Of course they wouldn’t necessarily have to do that in order to have a water supply. To
make it look like a wagon train, and what you have, its good, and they can chunk a little ice in
the water so they can have a cup of ice water any time on the way they wanted to, but there’s
spring practically bursting out of every holler that they’re passing by, so water’s not problem.
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�BB: How are the bathing facilities?
RH: They do that in the stream. Now this road that they come up is Elk Creek to Darby, and then
it’s changed its name to the Yadkin. Really it’s the head of the Yadkin River, starts in our
community in Triplett. So they use the streams to do their bathing just like they always did.
BB: Do you have a time what the men go in and then a time that the women go in?
RH: Right. Maybe the men will be way down, 400 to 500 yards around the curve of the creek.
BB: Can you think of anything else to add about the wagon train?
RH: No, I don’t think of anything else that I could add.
BB: What county offices have you held?
RH: Just tax collector. I was appointed in 1968, starting my fifth year.
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Oral History Transcript
Appalachian State University • Collection 111, Tape 51
Interviewee: Ralph Hayes
Interviewer: Bill Brinkley
1973, March 29
BB: Bill Brinkley
RH: Ralph Hayes
BB: This is an interview with Mr. Ralph Hayes for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Bill
Brinkley on March 29, 1973. When did you first become interested in politics?
RH: Well, when I became interested in politics was when I was 21 years old, when I first
registered then after my first election. Politics fascinated me, it looked like it was something
that was interesting and would be a lot of fun, which I found out down through the years there
has been a great deal of fun, a lot of pleasure, and you also hit some rough spots that is
expected in politics.
I was elected precinct chairman in my township when, I might be telling my age here, 35 years
ago. I was elected precinct chairman. I have been active in politics ever since. I’ve been on all
the various committees in the county, have been selected on a number of state committees
which I’ve enjoyed attending very much.
I have been a delegate to the state convention and haven’t missed one yet. Incidentally, to
show…to tell you how far politics in this state have some since 1940, I was at a Republican state
convention in Durham. There were less than 300 people from over the state at this convention.
You couldn’t get anyone to accept the state chairman’s place; you couldn’t get a candidate to
run for any statewide office, but the few that were there, they just kept working, kept hanging
on, and eventually I think that we have arrived as a strong two-party system in the state.
Far as the county politics are concerned, we are extremely fortunate in having a strong twoparty system in the county. We’re, I would say, pretty evenly divided; the two parties are in the
county. It makes a good ballgame at each election. I have seen elections won in this county by a
majority of three.
I can remember one county commissioner being elected by a majority of one, and his brother
and wife forgot to go to the polls that day. That beat him by one vote, and the guy that
defeated him by one vote, so we had a margin of two votes.
BB: Is it a little personal to ask you when you first registered?
RH: No. When did I register?
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�BB: Yes sir, the date.
RH: I can’t recall the date that I registered, I sure can’t.
BB: Like the year?
RH: I’m 56, figure it out.
BB: 1917?
RH: It was in the 1930s.
BB: You were born in 1917?
RH: Right.
BB: You registered when you were 21, so you registered in 1938?
RH: Right. It would have been during the fall of 1938.
BB: What campaigns have you been active in?
RH: I have been active in all campaigns of course, since I have been eligible to vote. I’ve handled
a number of candidate’s campaigns in the county, as county manager. Recently I handled
Donald Kincaid’s successful bid for the state senate in Caldwell County from the district, and I’m
also proud to say I handled Jim Holshouser’s campaign here in the county this past election, so
was actually involved in three elections there with the him: the primary, the runoff, and the
election. So it was a year’s pretty hard work for him. I’ve just been active in general in the
Republican Party.
BB: Are there any specific, maybe colorful instances, you remember in the Holshouser
campaign?
RH: If I could select one, it would have been the one between the primary and the runoff. I
guess that we got, or I got more pleasure and thrills and excitement in the runoff election
between he and Jim Gardner than I did in the general election.
I’m real happy you know, that we won the election, but I guess that the runoff between the two
is about the biggest thrill that I’ve had in a long time because we had kind of a dragged our feet,
the Republicans had, here in the county. Might say this, that both parties in the county take a
primary too lightly and as far as I’m concerned, it is the most important election that you have
is the primary, but it’s the hardest election to get voters interested in and so we dragged our
feet a little bit in the primary, but after the primary, then the big job ahead was to get more
voters out which we got out with a month of real hard work, and we picked up about 600 or
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�700 votes. Extra votes in the runoff over the primary, and I believe it’s about a 2,025 majority
we got that nominated Jim Holshouser for Governor of North Carolina.
BB: Was there any specific thing that you did to get people out for the primary?
RH: No, the only thing that we did, we went into the precincts and made a door-to-door canvas
asking people to be sure that they got out and voted, and up to that point they saw that Jim
had a chance.
So one of the reasons for the light vote in the primary was that nobody felt like he had a chance
against a multimillionaire, and then if he got over that one, he was going against another
millionaire. So politics have changed to a noticeable change here in the county. The voting
habits are changing; they started this trend five or six years ago.
You can’t predict an election in this county, and now you can’ predict it in the state by voter
registration. Now, it used to be that here in Watauga County you could almost predict the
outcome of an election as to how many each party has registered, but it isn’t that way any
more. The young voters are studying their candidates. They’re better education and they make
up their own minds, and they’re not voting Democrat or Republican just because dad, mother,
grandma, and grandma was…which is good. I’m proud to see that happen and I think it is going
to increase more and it’s going to continue. The voting trend is going to continue I think on the
same patter its in.
BB: Is there anything you do to get people out for the election?
RH: Yes. What we try to do is, we like to get our candidates into each precinct in the county,
and if we can do that and get them to the people, before the people, they can answer the
questions of the voters, and what have you. There is not substitute now, for that, but if you
can’t get to all of them, then what we try to do is then have one big countywide rally just before
the election, and get as many people as we can to visit with the candidates, for the last ten
years.
We have had a caravan that we take over the county. We’ll organize a caravan, as many cars
from each precinct that we can get all precincts represented. Then we have the candidates. In
prior years, we have called it the “Broyhill caravan,” and so we go into every precinct in the
county and we have people to meet us at these certain points in the precinct, and the
candidates of course then can do some handshaking and some politicking, and then it
generates an interest.
You see a caravan coming through, of course we hauled an elephant that led the parade which
is the symbol of the Republican party, and you see a caravan coming through your community,
out here on a little dirt road with about 75 or 100 cars and all your candidates with their names
and what have you on it. It creates an interest and gets the vote out. We feel like that is one of
the better ways of getting the vote out.
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�BB: Approximately how many miles to you travel in this caravan?
RH: This trip probably takes us 150 miles.
BB: You say that Broyhill always is in this caravan?
RH: Yes, he and most of the time his wife Louise.
BB: Do you have any big plans now, like for the governor being in it?
RH: Yes, I think that on our next caravan, we would hope to have the governor in the caravan. I
think it is something probably that the people would expect.
BB: Do you feel that politics are dirtier today than they used to be?
RH: No, politics are not, are not as dirty today as they were 20 years ago. People take their
politics serious now, of course, but in a different way. Twenty or twenty-five year ago, it was
very easily to have a dozen good fist fights, and some knives being used and guns and what
have you, but people have grown out of that. They’re better educated and they’re taking their
politics more serious. In fact, they’re looking now for good candidates, good men, to run their
government, which is good.
I’m really glad to see that, 20 or 25 years ago, it didn’t matter how well qualified a man was.
They didn’t look for quality in a candidate like they do now. If he was a pretty “well liver” out
here in the community with not too much business experience that didn’t matter wither. If he
had a little money, he’s our man. But it isn’t the best. I like the way the voting trends have
changed and the way the candidates are being picked, and the primary I think is one of the
finest things that has happened to any government is to let the people pick their candidates
they are going to vote on in the fall. Now if you got some candidates in there that are not
qualified and you don’t think they can do the job, then we can get them out in the primary.
BB: What do you think has caused people to deviate from the old custom of Democrat voting
for Democrat, Republican voting for Republican, and not changing over any at all?
RH: State that questions again.
BB: What do you think has caused the people, instead of Democrats voting a straight ticket,
Republicans voting a straight Republican ticket, why do you think maybe they have started
changing their ideas about the candidates?
RH: I think that one of the main things that has helped to change that is the news media,
television, and radio. They’ve got their candidates on the air; they’ve got them on television
where they can see them. They can listen, look, and study the candidates, but before that we
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�had a wide coverage, news like we got today, and then it was either just a Democrat or a
Republican. It was just one or the other.
BB: You were talking about the convention you went to in Durham where you had the small
amount of people and nobody wanted the Republican chairmanship. Do you feel that this is
because of maybe people were ashamed of being Republicans?
RH: Yes. At that time, in some parts of this state, the word “Republican,” well – you just didn’t
hear it. Nobody would stand up and say, “I’m Republican.” I can remember 20 years ago a
certain fine attorney from down in the eastern part of the state was running for governor on
the Republican ticket, and I had the opportunity to be at one of his meetings in the eastern part
of the state.
You could see that there was people that would have liked to come out and listened and hear
what he had to say, but they were for some reason, they acted like scared people, or
something. Maybe they had worked for politicians and they didn’t dare to even come out and
listen.
BB: What state committees have you served on?
RH: The state executive committee, and I have been a member of the county executive
committee for 30 years.
BB: Do you attend all the state things, like the Governor’s Ball, etc.?
RH: Yes.
BB: Were you down there?
RH: Yes, I made the Governor’s Ball, the inauguration, and had a good time. There were lots of
people there, they more or less rolled out the red carpet, and all that was in my party, we had a
wonderful time.
BB: I was there for the ball, but I didn’t get to stay for the inauguration. I had to come back to
classes.
RH: And all the state conventions, I attend all those, district conventions, and what have you. So
if you like politics and enjoy it, you’re going to have to sacrifice, you’re going to have to sacrifice
some things and you also, it gets expensive, such as these Lincoln Day dinners and what have
you. But if you love politics, you’re going to be there.
BB: Recently, I’ve been going to a lot of Republican dinners, the meetings, and things like that,
and it seems like the party is so much closer together than like when I was growing up. What do
you feel has caused this burgeoning of party unity just all at once it seems?
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�RH: Well, I think that the people have seen where that a two-party system would be beneficial
to our government. That is, and you can go back to the young people, your college students,
and what have you. They’ve studied the records of both parties back through the years, and
they’re making up their own minds, and seemingly now we do have a trend of the young people
toward the Republicans.
BB: Do you have any big aspirations, and big hopes for our Governor now? What will the basic
changes be?
RH: His basic changes are going to be administrative; it will be his biggest changes. Of course,
there’s going to be some changes made on down to the county level. You take any party, if it
was the Republican Party, I’m not critical of the Democratic Party, but any one party that stays
in power over a period of 50, 70 years, they get stale.
You have to have this corruption. I don’t think that either party could avoid this by being in
power that long, and so it’s almost mandatory that neither party be left in power too long.
BB: Do you feel that there is a great deal of corruption in the administration, or was?
RH: Yes, I do. I feel like that there was a lot of corruption in the administration. The Highway
Department was getting very corrupt and the Penal System was getting bad. He’s now working
on that, he’s appointed new people to the Penal Division and it looks like they’re going to get it
back when its supposed to be.
Our mental health institutions were getting bad, real bad. He’s started to work on those; he’s
reforming those. I understand that three or four directors have already been replaced with new
men. So I think that within his four-year term, he’s have most of the corruption, he’ll never get
it all. Don’t get me wrong; no party will ever get it. You’re going to have some in every party.
But I feel like he’ll be working to keep this to a minimum.
BB: I heard recently on the news they’re trying to get it so the governor can hold two terms in
office. What are your feelings on that, and do you think it will go through?
RH: I think that it will go through and that it should. It would be real hard for a governor to get
his program set up and get the machinery in action and get this thing through completely to see
what it’s going to do in a four-year term, but you can always if you think he’s not the man for
the job, you can get him out at the end of the first term, but I think that a governor should be
able to succeed himself and I think very strongly that he should have veto power. Maybe North
Carolina is the only state in the Union probably that doesn’t, the governor doesn’t have the
veto power.
BB: Do you feel that this legislation will pass?
RH: If they don’t pass it this term, I feel sure that they will next, the next term. There’s a lot on
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�interest in…I noticed on the news the other night where former Governor Luther Hodges was
advocating this. So I think that they can build up enough support to get that through, and I
sincerely hope that they do. But of course it wouldn’t affect our present governor; it would be
the ones that follow him, and it should be that way.
BB: Do you feel that our present governor is looking at things very open-mindedly, or trying to
take everything into consideration?
RH: I feel sure that he is, he sure is. He’s looking at everything with an open mind. He will not go
into partisan politics at the expense of the people of North Carolina. If he does, I’m going to be
very much disappointed.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region.
The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students.
Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU.
An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school.
This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information.
Contributor
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Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965-1989
Sound
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Artist
Hayes, Ralph (interviewee)
Brinkley, Bill (interviewer)
Dublin Core
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Title
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Interview with Ralph Hayes [March 28 & 29, 1978]
Subject
The topic of the resource
Historical reenactments--North Carolina
Daniel Boone Wagon Train (N.C.)
Republican Pary (N.C.)--History--20th century
Hayes, Ralph--Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
During the first of two interviews Mr. Hayes discusses in detail the Daniel Boone Wagon Train (years) that followed a route from Wilkes County to Boone using horse drawn wagons with people wearing 19th Century clothing and camping along the way.
In the second interview Mr. Hayes discusses his involvement in local politics. He was elected as a precinct chairman about 1938, was active on several state committees and was a delegate to the state convention starting in 1940. He recalls how how he ran a local rally and campaign and attended several governor inaugurations.
Creator
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Hayes, Ralph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a>
Date
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3/28/1978
Rights
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Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited.
Format
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MP3
Extent
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7 pages
Language
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English
English
Type
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Sound document
Coverage
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Watauga County (N.C.)
government
Politics
Republican
Republican Party
tax collector
Watauga County N.C.