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�BITS of MOUNTAIN
SPEECH
PAUL M. FINK
Jonesboro, Tennessee
�The Appalachian Consortium was a non-profit educational organization
composed of institutions and agencies located in Southern Appalachia. From
1973 to 2004^ its members published pioneering works in Appalachian studies
documenting the history and cultural heritage of the region. The Appalachian
Consortium Press was the first publisher devoted solely to the region and many of
the works it published remain seminal in the field to this day.
With funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the National
Endowment for the Humanities through the Humanities Open Book Program^
Appalachian State University has published new paperback and open access
digital editions of works from the Appalachian Consortium Press.
www.collections.library.appstate.edu/appconsortiumbooks
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND license. To view a
copy of the license^ visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses.
Original copyright © 1974 by the Appalachian Consortium Press.
ISBN (pbk.: alk. Paper): 978-1-4696-3819-5
ISBN (ebook): 978-1-4696-3821-8
Distributed by the University of North Carolina Press
www.uncpress.org
�BITS OF MOUNTAIN SPEECH
gathered between 1910 and 1965
along the mountains bordering
North Carolina and Tennessee
�This page intentionally left blank
�FOREWORD
BITS OF MOUNTAIN SPEECH
Although Mr. Paul Fink does not profess to be an academician - in
fact, in his modesty he would deny it even if we were to insist upon it -,
he has achieved a scholarly work in this compilation of folk speech.
What is folk speech, anyway? Briefly, it is the language of what is
usually considered the uneducated or less well educated folk; it is
sometimes archaic, almost always idiomatic, and it is of course dialectal. Frequently it is quaint; more frequently, it is simply a holdover
of vocabulary, pronunciation, and syntax of earlier times when it was
accepted as good usage.
In this work Mr. Fink has performed a service for anyone interested
in language, speech patterns, and communication. Not only has he
listed the unusual words which he himself has heard, but he uses each
one in a sentence in order to interpret the work or phrase and to clarify
it. Further, he even informs the reader as to the part of speech each
word assumes as he lists it.
This book is only one of the many contributions which Mr. Fink
has made to a study of the history and lore of East Tennessee and
Western North Carolina. Among the earliest to become alert to the
significance of the culture and heritage of his native area, he has also
been among the most active and enthusiastic proponents of preserving
the remaining expressions of the past of his region.
As you read these words and phrases, you will be amused at some,
perplexed by some, and entertained by all of them. Some will even
make you nostalgic. Reading this book is an interesting and educational
experience.
Ambrose N. Manning
Department of English
East Tennessee State University
and
Chairman, Board of Directors
The Appalachian Consortium, Inc.
May 1, 1974
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�All this material was gathered along the Tennessee-North Carolina border, between 1910-1965. During that period there has been
much change in the mountain culture and speech. The impact of two
world wars, when thousands of young men spent months and years in
an environment utterly different from what they had known: compulsory education; good roads; electric power; telephones, radio and TV;
public works and the mailorder catalog -- all have wrought great
changes in the way of life in the Southern mountains. The mountain
people as I first knew them are a vanished breed. And the change has
not always been for the better.
The notations in parentheses indicate the parts of speech, i.e.,
(n)-noun; (v)-verb; (adj)-adjective; (adv)-adverb; (pn)-pronoun; (prep)preposition; (conj)-conjunction.
ii
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�abide (v): tolerate, endure. "/ can't abide them kind."
acrost (prep): across. "They live acrost the river."
admire to (v): be pleased. "I'd shorely admire to see him agin."
afeared (adj): afraid. "He's afeared o'hants."
afore (prep): before. "Git home afore night."
agin or aginst (prep): by the time of. "I'll be home aginst dark."
agin (prep): by, against. "Hits over agin the fence."
aholt or holt (v): hold. "/ took aholt of him."
aidge (n): edge. "The tree growed on the aidge of the clift."
ailing (adj): ill or sick. "John has been ailing three weeks past."
aim to (v): intend, plan. "/ aim to go."
ain't (v): am, is or are not. "They ain't here yet."
ain't much (adj): not feeling well. "John ain't much these days."
airish (adj): windy, cool. "Hit's plumb airish out."
allers (adv): always. "He's allers late."
along about sundown (adv): late in the afternoon.
anent or fernent (prep): close to or by. "His house stood anent the
church house."
a-nigh (prep): near. "I'll shoot if he comes a-nigh me."
antic (adj): joking, playful. "He was an antic sorf of feller."
apple-fruit (n): cooked apples. "Pass the apple fruit."
argufy (v): to argue. "They'd argufy all night."
ary (pn): any. "Has ary one of you got a match?"
atter (prep): after. "They come atter night."
ax (v): ask. "You ax him."
�B
back (v): to address a letter. "Will you back this letter for me?"
bad sick, bad hurt, bad off (adj): in serious condition. "His woman is
bad off."
bait (n): food, generally a large amount. "He et a real bait o'greens."
ballet (n): ballad. "She know a awful lot of old ballets."
banter (v): challenge. "John bantered him for a race."
basement (n); basin. "A little basement between the hills."
battling block, battling stick (n): a smooth wooden block on which
clothes are beaten with a battling stick while being washed.
beal (v): to fester, as an abscess. "/ had a bealed ear."
bealing (n): a boil or abscess. "Mary had a bealing on her neck."
beast, beastes (n): horses. "He had four head o' beastes."
beat or beat out (adv): exhausted. "I'm plumb beat out."
beatinest (adj); superlative adjective. "They was the beatinest crowd at
the burying."
bedevil (v): worry or tease. "Don't bedevil that dog,"
bee-gum (n): beehive, formerly made from a section of a hollow gum
log.
beholden (adj): obligated. "I'm not beholden to him."
benighted (adj): detained after nightfall. "John figured he'd be home by
sundown, but he was benighted."
best (adv): should or had better. "They best go home afore hit rains."
betwixt (prep): between. "The house was betwixt the hill and the
branch."
biggety (adj): conceited or bigoted. "She's got no reason to act so
biggety."
bigness (n): size. "A hole the bigness of a bullet."
biscuit bread (n): biscuits.
blackberry winter (n): an unseasonably cool spell of weather in May.
blockage (n): illicit whiskey.
blockading (v) and blockader (n): making and maker of illicit whiskey.
�blow-down (n): area where the timber has been levelled by high wind.
"There's a terrible big blow-down on the far side of the mountain."
blowed (v); blew. "He blowed the whistle."
bodaciously (adv): completely, totally. "I'm most bodaciously wore
out."
body (n): person. "Hit won't do a body any good."
bone tired (adj): very tired.
book-larnin' (n): education derived from books. "He's short on booklarnin'."
boughten (adj): purchased, as at a store. "She was wearing a boughten
dress."
boundary (n); track of land. "They bought a big boundary of timber."
branch (n): small stream. "They are fishing down in the branch."
bread (v): "He raised enough corn to bread his family."
bresh (n): bushes or brush, as growing in an old clearing or woods.
brickie or brickley (adj): brittle. "That bread is awful brickley."
brigetty or briggedy (adj): same as biggety.
broke (v): dismissed. "Has meeting broke yet?"
brought-on (adj): from another place. "They was eating brought-on
vittles."
budget (n): bundle or package. "His clothes was rolled in a budget."
burying (n): funeral, particularly the interment. "Did you stay for the
burying?"
burying ground (n): cemetery or graveyard.
�c
call to mind (v): remember. "/ can't call to mind what his name was."
carry (v): take, accompany. "I have to carry my woman to the doctor
tomorrow."
catched, cotch, cotched (v): caught.
caucus (v): talk idly. "They set around an' caucussed all day."
chance (n): prospect. "A good chance of com."
chancy (adj); doubtful, dangerous. "Hit was a chancy sort of thing."
cheese (n): always plural, "them cheese."
chimbley (n); chimney.
choicey (adj): particular, fastidious. "You needn't be so choicey about
it."
choose (v): desire, wish. "Do you want some fruit? No, I wouldn't
choose any."
choosey (adj): same as choicey.
chuffy (adj): short, stout. "He's a chuffy sort of boy."
chunk (v): stir. "Chunk up the fire." Also to throw. "Chunk me the ball."
church (v): to put on trial before the congregation. "They churched
him for drinking."
church-house (n): church building.
clever (adj): obliging, good natured. "He was a mighty clever man."
clift (n): cliff.
clim or clum (v): past tense of climb.
coalin' ground (n): spot where charcoal was made, for early iron furnace.
coal oil (n): kerosene.
come (prep): by or about. "They'll git here come night."
come on to rain (v): began. '7 went in the house when it come on to
rain."
come through (v): profess religion. "Did John come through at the
meetin' last night?"
complected (adj): color of skin. "He's sorter dark complected."
4
�contrary (v): oppose. "Don't contrary him none."
coon: climb or crawl. "/ cooned up a tree."
cooter (v): spend time idly. "He cootered around all day."
costes (v): costs. "Hit costes too much."
course (v): to follow or trail. "He can course a bee to hit's hive."
court (v): to sue at law. "Jones courted Smith over a horse."
cow brute (n): bull. Sometimes any bovine.
creel (v): to reel, give way or fall. "His leg creeled under him."
cresses, creeses (n): water cress or a field salad, always in the plural.
Sometimes "creasy-greens."
critter (n): horse or mule, sometimes any kind of animal. "Wild
critters."
crope (v): crept. "/ crope up on a deer."
cuckold (v): to be unfaithful maritally. "Jim's wife cuckolded him."
cuss-fight (n): interchange of profanity.
�damn (adj; adv): superlative adjective or adverb. "The worstest fight
I ever damn seen."
dast (v): dare. "They don't dast go,"
deadening (n): area where timber had died from disease or killed by
girdling, preparatory to clearing. "Go down to the deadening and
git some firewood."
decoration (n): memorial service held at a rural church, when graves
are decorated with flowers. "When is the decoration at the Bab'tis
church?"
destroyed (v): killed. "When I heered you'd gone to the war, I was
afeared you'd been destroyed."
devil (v): tease or worry. "Make him quit devilling the dog."
dicker (v): discuss, as in a trade. "They been dickering over that horse
for weeks."
die out (v): die. "All my chillun died out on me."
differ (v): make a difference. "Hit don't differ none which one I get."
dilitary (adj): slothful, procrastinating. "He's plumb dilitary."
dip (v): use snuff. "Do you dip or chew?"
discomfit (v): to inconvenience. "Ef it don't discomfit ye none."
disregardless (adj): regardless.
disremember (v): forgot. "/ disremember what day it was."
doctor medicine (n): medicine as prescribed by a doctor and bought
at a drug store, as opposed to home remedies.
dodger (n): cornbread baked in a cake or pone.
doesn't differ (v): make any difference. "Hit doesn't differ which one
you take."
dog irons (n): andirons.
dog trot or dog alley (n): open but covered runway between the two
parts of a log cabin.
do-less (adj): lazy or trifling. "I'm feeling plumb do-less this morning."
doney-gal (n): sweetheart.
doste or dastes (n): dose. "She taken two dostes o' medicine."
�dotey (adj): aged or senile. "He's got plumb dotey."
doublings (n): whiskey put through the still twice, to eliminate solid
matter and other impurities; a process generally eliminated by the
use of a thumping chest or keg.
down (adj): fallen. "A heap of down timber."
down-go (adj; n); declining health. "He's been on the down-go fer
sometime."
draw up (v): shrink. "My jacket drawed up 'till purt nigh couldn't get
hit on."
dreen (n): drain or gully. "The fox was runnin' down the dreen."
dremp (v): dreamed. "/ dremp o' rain last night."
drug (v): dragged. "/ drug in a lot o' firewood,"
druthers (n): choice. "If I had my druthers I'd a stayed home."
dry land sled (n): sled to be used in fields or dirt roads.
dulcimore (n); pronunciation of dulcimer.
�easing powders (n): drug to ease pain. "They ought to a'give him some
easing powders."
eats good (v): appetizing. "Bear meat eats good."
eend (n); end. "He come to the eend o' the road,"
effen (conj): if. "/'// go, effen ye don't mind."
enduring (prep): during. "Did he stay enduring the night?"
enty (v): isn't he. "Enty going?"
'est o r ' ist (adj); just or only. "They's * est two o' us,"
et (v): eat or eaten. "Have ye et yet?"
evening (n): afternoon, before night.
eye doctor (n): oculist.
�F
fagged out (adj): exhausted. "I'm plumb fagged out."
fall (v): to chop down. "We're goin' to have to fall that tree."
fall off (v): lose weight. "She's fall off 20 pound."
falling weather (n): rainy or snowy weather.
fault (v): to blame or criticize. "They shouldn't fault him over that."
favor (v): resemble. "The boy favors his daddy."
feel for (v): incline to. "/ didn't feel for fo work."
fernint (prep): near, against. "Over fernint the house."
fetch (v): bring. "Be shore to fetch some eggs."
ficsty (adj): pert, impudent. "She's plumb ficsty these days."
fightin'est (adj): very pugnacious. "That's the fight in'est dog."
figured (v): thought. "I figgered he'd come next week."
fireboard (n): mantel or shelf above the fireplace.
fire-dogs (n): andirons or wooden chunks used as such.
fistes (n): fists.
fitten (adj): fit, suitable. "Hit's a fitten name."
fittified (adj): subject to fits or "spells."
flax (v): hurry. "/'// flax around and git dinner."
fleshy (adj): fat. "She's a fleshy old woman."
folkses (n): folks.
follow (v): practice a trade or occupation. "He follows carpenterin'.
foreigner (n): one living outside the mountains.
for to (adv): "/ didn't mean for to do that."
for why (adv): why. "/ don't rightly know for why."
fotch (v): brought. "They fotch it yesterday."
fotch-on (adj): imported. "/ don't favor them fotch-on ideas."
frail or flail (v): beat, flog. "I'll most pointedly frail hell outen him."
friz (v): frozen. "The river was friz over solid."
�fruit (n); applies to apples only. "Have some fruit."
funeralize (v): preach a funeral for.
fur piece (n); long distance, "Hit's a fur piece from here.
fustest (adv): first. "Who got there fustest?"
10
�galack (v): to gather galax or other ornamental greens. "They are going
galacking."
galluses (n): suspenders.
gant (adj): lean, gaunt. "The houses was bad ganted."
gant-lot (n): pen for confining cattle during round-up.
gap (n): low spot in mountain range or between hills.
gaum; gom (v): to smear. "His face was all gaumed up."
gentle (v): to treat gently, to calm. "See how he gentles the horse."
get on (v); accuse, berate. "She got on him about drinking."
get shet of (v): dispose of. "/ got shet of that dog."
ghostes (n): ghosts.
'gin (adv): before, by the time that. "It'll be dark 'gin / get home."
gip (n): female dog.
git-box or git-fiddle (n): guitar.
gitting-aroundest (adj): very active in the community. "He's the gtttingaroundest man I ever seen."
give out (v): (1) exhausted. "I'm plumb give out."
(2) decide against. "I'm about give out going."
(3) announce. "It was give out there was to be a meeting last night."
give up (v): to concede. "He's give up to be the best doctor in town."
good few (n): abundance. "They's a good few apples this year."
granny-trouble (n): birth. "He had granny trouble at his house last
night,"
granny-woman (n): midwife.
grave-rock (n): tombstone.
gravel (v): to annoy or embarass. "That story always gravelled him."
grinding rock (n): grindstone. "He sharpened his axe on the grinding
rock."
gum (n): hive or container, as "bee gum" as made from hollow section
of a gum tree.
11
�H
hack (v); to annoy, embarrass. "That story sure did hack him."
hadn't orter (v): should not. "He hadn't orter went."
hain't (v): ain't, (am not, is not, are not, has not, have not)
ha'nt (n): ghost.
have (v): am, are, is. "/ have obliged to go."
hear tell (v): hear or know. "Did ye ever hear tell o' sich?"
hecter (v): heckle. "They alters like to hecter him."
heifer (n): derogatory term for a woman. "That's the ol' heifer that lives
up the holler."
helt (v): held. "They helt on tight."
hern (pn): hers.
het (v); heated. "She het up the vittles."
hez (v): has.
hickory (n): switch for punishment. "If that young'un don't mind, I'll
take a hickory to him."
hippens (n): diapers.
his'n (pn): his. "Hit's his'n."
hisself (pn): himself.
hit (pn): it.
hog-meat (n): pork, generally fresh but some times cured.
hog wild (adj): wildly excited. "She went hog wild when she hearn o' it"
holler (n): hollow or ravine. "They run down the holler." (v): yell. "/
hollered fer him to come."
holp (v): help. "Hit holp a lot."
hone (v): long for. "He's honing fer a mess of hawg meat."
hoof (v): walk. "Them as ain't got horses'll have to hoof it"
hot up (v): make warmer. "Please hot up my coffee."
hound dog (n): hound.
hull (n): cartridge. "/ had just two hulls fer my gun."
hunkers (n): haunches. "I set back on my hunkers."
12
�hurt fer (v): need. "The house is hurting ter a coat of paint."
hurting (n): pain. "/ had a powerful hurting in my chest"
iffen or effen (conj): if. "/'// come iffen / can."
He (n): oil. "Bear's ile."
ill (adj; adv): evil, bad tempered, "He's acting awful ill these days."
improvement (n): a clearing in the woods, a house, etc., to enhance the
value of property.
in a manner (adv): nearly. "He's in a manner blind."
ingern (n): onion.
innards (n): entrails. "The bear clawed the dogs innards out."
in reason (adv): beyond doubt. "I knowed in reason he'd go."
in this day and time (adv): now.
in time (adv): once. "A house stood there in time."
1st (adv): just. "Hit's 'ist right."
J
jag (n): a small amount. "A jag o' corn."
janders (n): jaundice. "He's got yaller janders."
jedgematiealfy (adv): in my judgment. "Jedgematically, he'll come tomorrow."
job (v): stab. "He was jobbed with a knife."
jower (v): quarrel. "They'd been jowering for a long time."
juberous (adj): dubious, doubtful. '7 was juberous of that all the time."
jump-jacket (n): overall jacket.
13
�K
keep (v): remain in session. "Will school keep next week?"
kernels (n): small glands in neck, armpits, groin, etc. These in some
game animals must be removed if the meat is to be edible.
ketched, kotch or kotched (v): caught. "We kotched two coons."
kick (v): disparage. "/ ain't kicking his work none."
kilt (n): killed. "Who kilt that dog?"
kinder, kindley (adv): rather. "The road was kindley rough."
kiver (v): cover. "Hit was kivered with a board." (n): quilt or blanket.
"Put another kiver on the bed."
knock-fight (n): fist fight. "Them boys had a big knock-fight."
knowed (v): knew. "/ knowed it all the time."
14
�L
lamp oil (n): kerosene.
lap, tree lap (n): tree tops and limbs left on the ground after logging.
lastiest (adj): long lasting. "Warnit (walnut) is the tastiest wood they
is."
lasty (adj): durable, lasting. "Them was lasty britches."
lavish (n): abundance. "They was a lavish o' berries there."
lay off to (v): intend. "I laid off to go a long time ago."
lay out (v): hide. "They laid out in the woods 'til the law was gone."
(v): prepare for burial. "Who laid out the corpse?"
learn (v): teach. "They didn't learn him to spell."
least (adj): smallest, youngest. "He's their least boy."
leather britches (n): green beans dried in the shuck for winter use.
leave (v): let. "Leave him go."
led (n): lid. "She broke the led to the pot."
leesen (conj): unless. "He'll come lessen he's sick."
let on (v): pretend. "She let on she wasn't goin'."
lick (n): molasses. "Give him some lick for his dodger."
licking (n): whipping. "Bud got a licking at school."
light out (v): leave hurriedly, also "light a shuck," "light a rag."
likeness (n): portrait or picture.
likeness taker (n): photographer. "Be you the likeness taker?"
little grain (n): small amount. "Give me a little grain of ticker."
linkster (linquister) (n): interpreter.
long sweetning (n): sorghum molasees or syrup.
15
�M
ma'ar (n): marrow, "a ma'ar bone,"
main (adj): very, great, "a main high mountain,"
make (v): produce. "/'// make a good crop 'o corn."
make out like (v): pretend. "Jane made out like she was mad,"
manpower (v): to move some heavy object by human effort. "We'll have
to manpower them logs up."
mast (n): acorns, chestnuts or beechnuts.
master (adj): great or fine. "He's a master hand at hunting."
meat (v): supply with meat. "One hog will meat us all winter."
meller (mellow) (v): beat. "I'll meller his head if he pesters me."
mend (v): improve physically. "He's mending slowly."
-ment (suffix): accented last syllable in such words as settlement',
government', treatment', etc.
mess (n): lot, meal, etc. "a mess o' beans."
mighty (adv): very, exceedingly. "He had some mighty big hogs."
mind (v): remember. "Don't you mind the day he came?"
(v): care for. "You mind the young'uns whilst I'm gone."
misery (n): pain. "I've got a misery in my stummick."
mistook (v): mistaken or confused. "I've been mistook about that lots
of times."
mizzling (adj): drizzle. "They was a mizzling sorf o' rain."
molasses (n): sorghum syrup, always plural. "Give me some o' them
molasses."
mommJck (v): to spoil or mess up. "He mommicked everything."
monstrous (adv): very. "They killed a monstrous big bear."
mostest (adj): most. "Who growed the mostest corn?"
most likely (adv): probably. "Most likely they'll be there."
mottley (adj): mottled. "The red cow had a mottley calf."
mought (v): might, "he moughtgo."
much (v): pet, make over. "He'll much a hound dog."
16
�muscle (v): lift by bodily strength. "Hit took four men to muscle that
rock up.
N
na'ar (n): narrow, "a na'ar bridge."
name (v): mention. "You name hit to paw."
narrow-minded (adj): set in one's opinions. "He's narrow-minded about
a lot of things."
nary (ne'er a) (pn): none, not any. "Ain't nary one of 'em goin'."
nary none (pn); not any. "/ ain't got nary none."
necessaries (n): things needful. "A feller has to carry his necessaries."
needcessity (n): necessity.
neighbor (v); be neighborly with. "They're fine folks to neighbor with."
nestes (n): nests, "birds' nestes."
nigh onto (adv); nearly. "Hit's nigh onto a mile."
norate (v): to spread the news. "Hit was norated all over the country."
no sech (pn): not anything. "/ never said no seen."
note (v): write music for. "Can he note a song?"
note up for (v): denote, indicate. "Them colouds don't note up for rain."
17
�o
old man, old woman (n): husband, wife
on (prep); about. "/'// think on it."
oncet (adj): once.
onery or ornery (adj): mean, worthless. "He's acting ornery these days."
onliest (adj): only. "Hit's the onliest knife I got"
opine (v): judge, consider.
ourn (pn): ours. "Them's ourn."
outen (adj): out of. "Put that dog outen the house."
outlandish (adj): as opposed to "foreigner", one from outside the
mountains, "outlandish" refers to those from over seas.
overhauls (n): overalls, (pronunciation).
over yan (n): over there. "They live over yan."
own, own up to (v): acknowledge. "He wouldn't own it as his'n." "John
owned up to fighting."
18
�pack (v): carry. "He packed all the com home."
(v): blame. "Hit was all packed on him."
painter (n): panther.
passel (n): parcel, group of people. "They was a passel of folks at the
meetin'."
pay no mind (v): give no attention. "Don't pay them no mind."
peaked (adj): exhausted, ill. "She looks peaked."
peart (adj): well, lively. "I'm feeling right peart/'
peartnin' powders (n): tonic, vitamins. "Doc, John wants some more of
those peartnin' powders that done him so good."
peckerwood (n): woodpecker.
penitentiary (v): send to prison. "They penitentiaried him for making
ticker."
persackly (adv): exactly. "She done persackly right."
pester (v); bother, irritate. "Don't pester the teacher,"
petered out (adj): exhausted. "I was all petered out when I got there."
peth (n): pith. "Punch the peth outen that elder (alder) stick."
phonographer (n): stenographer.
pieded (adj): spotted or mottled. "A pieded calf."
pilfering around (v): idly wandering, not necessarily to steal. "Them
boys were jest pilfering around."
pintedly (pointedly) (adv): thoroughly. "The big dog most pintedly
whopped the other'ns."
pint-blank (adv): directly, positively. "I told 'em no—pint blank."
pistol-gun (n): pistol
play (n): square dance.
play party (n): gathering where games were played and square dancing
done.
pleasure (v): to give pleasure to or derive pleasure from. "It pleasured
him a lot to go."
plumb (adv): very, completely. "I'm just plumb wore out."
19
�plunder (n): household effects. "They put all their plunder in one wagon,"
poke (n): small bag, usually paper. "Put hit in a poke."
pomper (n): pamper. "Them young'uns is plumb pompered."
pone (n): (1) a cake of bread. (2) swelling on the body, as a boil, abcess,
tumor, etc.
pooch out (v): protrude. "Hit's little belly was all pooched out."
poorly (adv): ill, not well. "I'm feeling purty poorly."
poppet (n): doll. "The least one was playing with hit's poppet."
pop (n); skull, low grade illicit whiskey,
postes (n): posts, "fence postes."
poverty-poor (adj). destitute "That fambly (family) is plumb povertypoor."
powerful (adj): very. "They cut down a powerful big tree."
pretty (n): (1) play-pretty, toys, playthings."P/c/c up your p/ay-pretties."
(2) something of value. "I'd give a pretty fo know."
pretty-fying (v): making beautiful. "She spent a time pretty-fying her
face."
projecting around (v): loitering, looking about. "I've jest been projectin'
around."
prong (n): branch or fork of a stream. "West prong of Little Pigeon
River."
proud (v): glad. "I'm surely proud fo see you."
pummies (n); pomace, ground apples, peaches, etc. from which the juice
had been pressed. "After they made cider, they throwed the pummies on the ground."
punying, punying around (v): not well, languid, etc. "I've been punying
around quite a spell."
puny-like (adj): indisposed. "The baby's been acting puny-like."
purf nigh (adv): almost, very close. "/ purf nigh fell in."
20
�Q
quare (adj): queer. "She always was a quare woman."
quartering (adv): diagonally. "He walked quartering across the field.
quieten (v): to quiet. "See if you can quieten him down-"
quiled (v): coiled. 4IA big snake was quiled in the path."
21
�R
raise (v): rear. "/ was raised in the mountains."
rations (n): food, either raw or prepared. "Did he bring his rations with
him?"
red (v): arrange, make tidy. "Set here while I red up the room,"
rench (v): rinse. "Be shore to rench the clothes good."
restes (v): rests. "Wait while they restes."
retch (v): pass or hand. "/ tol' him to retch me the shovel,"
revenuer (n): probation officer. "Look out! The revenuer's comin'."
rheumatiz (n): rheumatism. "He's gof the rheumatiz bad."
rifle (n): gun, rifle.
right (adv): very. "She was right sick."
rightly (adv): correctly, justly. "/ can't rightly say."
right smart (adj): a large quantity, very much, etc. "/ raised a right
smart o' corn."
rise (adv): in excess of. "He had in the rise of 20 hogs."
rising (n): boil, carbuncle. "She had a rising on her neck."
riz (v): raised. "They all riz up."
riz bread (n): risen or yeast bread.
rock (v): throw rocks at. "Them boys rocked my house."
roguish (adj): descriptive of a cow inclined to jump the fence or stray
from the pasture.
roughness (n): fodder, food. "/ was gathering roughness for my stock."
rosum (n): resin.
ruction (n): fight or riot. "They was a turrible ruction af camp meeting."
ruint (v): ruined. "They ruint me."
running set (n): square dance.
22
�s
sallet (n): salad. "Think I'll go out and pick me some satlet greens."
sanging (v): digging ginseng (sang) root. "We was sanging all day."
sanginghoe (n): special implement for digging ginseng—narrow blade,
short handle.
sarvices (n): servieeberries or trees.
sashay (v): saunter or strut. "He was sashaying around."
sass (n): impudence. "Don't give me none of your sass."
sassy (adj): saucy. "She talked awful sassy."
scandalous (adj): very, exceedingly. "Clothes costes scandalous high
these days."
scope (n): large tract of land. "My brother heired a wide scope of land."
scouting (v): hiding in woods or mountains to avoid capture by the law.
scringe (v): cringe. "/ seen him scringe when he heared it."
seed (v): saw. "/ seed a monstrous big bear."
set-along child (n): child big enough to sit on the floor but not walk.
settin' cheer (n): sitting chair, no rockers.
set into (v): begin. "Hit set into raining about dark."
setting upto (v): courting. "Henry's setting upto the widder Brown."
severe (adj): vicious. "He's a terrible severe dog."
shoe-mouth (adj): "The snow was shoe-mouth deep."
shoot (n): charges or loads, as "two shoots of powder."
shucky-beans (n): beans dried in the hull for winter use.
shumake (n): sumac.
's' I (v): said I. "Your're crazy, 's' I."
sich or sech (pn): such. "/ never said no sech."
sideling (adj; adv): slanting, as a hillside. "He planted his corn on sideling ground."
sight (n): great deal much. "They've had a sight o' trouble."
(n) many. "There was a sight o'people there."
sing coarse (v): sing bass. "He sings coarse at meeting."
23
�singlings (n): whiskey put through the still once, inferior to being run
twice or put through a thumping chest.
skift (n): small amount. "Jest a light skift of snow."
slaunchwise (adj): diagonally, off a straight line. "The fence come up
the hill slaunchwise."
slick, or laurel slick (n): rhododendron or kalmia thicket.
smidgen (n): small amount. "Jest a smidgen more sugar in my coffee."
snuck (v): sneaked. "He snuck off when nobody was looking."
sobby (adj): sodden. "That field gets right sobby after a rain."
some several (adj): goodly number. "They was some several folks
there."
soon (adv): early. "Come soon in the morning."
soon start (n): early. "They made a soon start this morning."
sop (n): gravy.
sorgrums (n): sorghrum. Molasses made from locally grown cane.
Always plural.
sorry (adj): poor, worthless. "He bought a sorry sorf of a horse."
spang (adj; adv): various meanings, as directly, quickly, etc. (1) "spangfirednew", (2) "that dog jumped right spang into the creek,"
spark (v): court. "Who's sparking her now?"
spell (n): period of time, "a long dry spell."
spend an opinion (v): express one's idea. "/ wouldn't want to spend an
opinion on that."
sprangle (adj): spread out, like limbs of a tree. "Laurel is a sprangling
sorf of bush."
sprig (n): bit or particle, as "a tiny sprig of fire."
squander (v): scatter or wander idly. (1) "Them little turkeys jest squandered around every which way." (2) "I jest squandered around all
day."
squinch owl (n): screech owl.
stand (n): hive of bees. "Davis had nigh onto a hundred stand o' bees."
start-nekked (adj): unclothed. "They went swimming start-nekked."
starved out (v): destitute. "That family's just about starved out."
24
�still (v): to make illicit liquor. "Is anybody stilling around here now?"
stob (n): small stake or stub. "He drove a stob in the ground."
(v): stab. He was stobbed right in the heart."
stomp (n): clearing with grass trodden of by horses or cattle. "They's a
big stomp-on top of the mountain."
store (v); to trade in a store. "I've got a lot of storing fo do."
store-boughten (adj): purchased ready made, as "store-boughten
clothes."
stout (adj): strong or well. "I'm feeling purty stout."
strut (v); swell. "My fingers was all strutted out."
sugar tree (n): hard maple, from whose sap maple sugar is made.
sull (v); to act sullen, feign death. "A 'possum'll sull when a dog ketches
it."
sunup (n): sundown (n): sunrise, sunset.
surround (v); go around. "We surrounded the hill."
survigorous (adj): vicious, exceedingly strong. "Hit was a powerful
survigorous bear."
swag (n): low spot in the ground, on a ridge.
sweetening (n): (1) short sweetening - sugar. (2) long sweetening syrup, molasses.
sweet talk (v): flattery. "Don't sweet talk me."
swolt (v): swelled. "His face was all swole up."
25
�T
tacky (adj): shabby, out of style. "That hat is sortor tacky."
tad (n): small amount. "Jest a tad more sugar, please."
tain't (v): it isn't. ,'Tain't what I wanted."
taken (v): took. "I taken the gun."
take off (v): leave hurriedly. "He taken off down the road."
take up (v): begin. "Has meeting took up yet?"
talking to (v): courting. "Jim's been talking to Arminty nigh onto three
years."
task (v): to assign duty. "Ye can't task a man that way."
tastes (2 syllables) (v): "Hit tastes sorter bitter."
tell 'tother from which (adj): distinguish between. "Them young'uns
was so like I couldn't tell 'tother from which."
tetched (adj): feeble-minded or slightly deranged. "Their least boy is
sorter tetched."
tetchous (adj): irritable. "She's powerful tetchous these days."
tetotally (adv): totally, completely. "I'm most tetotally wore out."
textes (n): texts.
thar (adj): pronunciation of "there".
that 'air (that there) (adj): that. "He went through that 'air door."
theirn (pn): theirs. "Is hit theirn?"
they (pn): there. 'They was two men there."
thickness (n): "about the thickness of a dollar."
thoughen (conj): unless, without. (1) "He won't go thoughen they call
him." (2) "She made bread thoughen any salt."
thoughty (adj): thoughtful. "That was mighty thoughty of you."
thumping chest, key or (simply) thumper (n): a part of a whiskey still,
between the boiler and the condenser.
thunder gust (n): electrical storm.
tide (n): flood or freshet. "They was a awful high tide in the river last
Spring."
'til (prop): until. "They stayed 'til dark."
26
�time about (adv): alternately. "They go to her church and his'n, time
about."
toddick (n): small measuring vessel used in taking toll at a grist mill,
hence-small amount.
tolable (adj): tolerable. "Air ye feelin' tolable?"
tole (v); entice, lure. "They took some com to tole the turkeys in."
took down or took down sick (v): sick abed. "Henry was took down last
week."
tooken (v); taken. "The ham was tooken out of my smokehouse."
took up (v): arrested. "John was took up fer stealing com."
tooth bresh (n): twig with one end chewed into a rude brush, used in
dipping snuff.
tooth-dentist or tooth doctor (n): dentist.
torn-downdest (adj): delapidated, messed up, etc. "That's the torndowndest house I ever seen."
tote (v); carry. "How much can you tote?"
tote fair (v): deal honestly. He'll tote fair in a trade."
tother (n): the other. "/ seen him tother day."
tow sack (n); burlap bag.
tree (v): cause to take refuge in a tree. "My dogs treed a monstrous big
coon."
tree-dog (n); dog trained to tree game.
tree lap or simply lap (n): tops and limbs of trees on the ground after
logging.
tree sugar (n): sugar made by boiling down the sweet sap of hard
maple tree. Also called tree syrup and tree molasses.
trinkle (v): trickle. "The water comes trinkling out of the rock."
tromp (v): tramp. "Them horses tromped down the wheat"
tuckered out (adj): exhausted. "I'm plumb tuckered out."
turn out (v): dismiss. "Has school turned out yet?"
tushes (n): tusks, as of hog or bear.
twarn't (v): it was not. 'Twarn't so."
27
�u
unbeknowst (adj): without notice or warning. "He left unbeknowst
to anybody."
up an' done (v): immediately. "He up an' done it."
use (v): live in or frequent. "Bears use along that ridge."
V
varmint (n): almost any wild animal.
vex (v): annoy. "Them young'uns vexed him terrible."
vigrus (adj): vigorous. "He's plumb vigrus these days."
vittles (n): food.
vomick (v): vomit.
28
�w
wait on (v): court, woo. "John's waitirr on that new gal."
was a week (year) ago (adv): last week. "He was here, was a week ago."
waspes or waspers (n): wasps.
wax (n): chewing gum.
way off (adv): remote, far. "They come from way off."
wear out (v): to flog or whip. "She wore that young'un plumb out."
weasley (adj): wizened. "Looks sorter weasley, don't he?"
we'uns (pn): we, us. "Are we'uns goin'?"
whar (adv): pronunciation of 'where'.
whelps (n): welts. "The whuppin' raised great whelps on his back."
whetrock (n): whetstone.
whilst (conj): while. "Eaf some vittles whilst you wait."
whup (v): whip. "Who whupped?"
whur (adv): whether. "/ don't know whur fo go or not."
widder-man (n): widower.
widder-woman (n): widow.
wind-thro wed (adj): blown over by wind. "All the big trees was wind
throwed."
windy (n): a tall tale. "Look out or them fellers'll tell you a windy."
wish book (n): catalog of mail order house.
withouten (conj): without, unless. "/ won't go withouten you do."
women folks (n): women. "The women folks had all gone to meeting.
woods colt (n): illegitimate child.
woolly patches or woollies (n): rhododendron thickets.
work-brittle (adj): industrious."
worn out (adj): tired or exhausted. "/ was just all worn out."
writing (n): something written, a letter, etc. "They give him a writin'
fo take to the judge."
29
�Y
yan or overyan (adv): yonder. "They live overyan in Tennessee."
yarb (n): herb.
yarb doctor (n): one (untrained) who treats illnesses with herbs, roots,
etc.
years (n); ears.
yearth (n); earth.
yo (n): ewe, female sheep.
you-all (pn): sometimes heard in mountain speech, but regarded as
intrusion from Deep South.
yourn (pn): yours. "Hits's a//yourn."
youernses (pn): your. "Who was over at youernses house?"
you-uns (pn): you. "Can you-uns come?"
30
�MISCELLANEOUS
Quadruple negative:
"I ain't never seen no sech thing, nohow."
Threat of an old lady, "pestered" by some boys:
"If I hear nary 'nother word out of ary one of you'uns, I'll take me
a bresh and most pintedly frail hell out'n the whole passe/ o' you'un,"
Man telling of seeing his dog swept away by a swollen stream:
"When I last seen him, he were, as you mought say, a-dealing of
his feet and a-doing of no good."
"Me and a passe/ more gals was com in' over t'mar-r to have our
likenesses struck, an' we'll be shorely disappinted."
"I don't care" gives assent. "Will you have some of the ham?"
"I don't care," or "/ don't care if I do."
"The onliest way he knowed to get rid o' that tooth was to jump it
out." Placing a nail against the tooth at its root and striking the
nail with a smart blow.
"I never had no trouble with my teeth. They just rotted out naturally. "
"Hit don't seem right for a feller to be workin' when they's a death
in the neighborhood."
"Maw, give Shorty some lick. He wants to wallup his dodger."
(Put syrup on his corn bread.)
"We all wanted to be at meetin', but John - he took the studs and
wouldn't go."
31
�PAUL M.
County,
his
He
the
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of the
Trail
an
Woy, an
a
he
as the
for
of
as
a
the
led to the
in the
he
the
for
in the
to
of
in the
the
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Owlj
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Consortium Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
This collection contains digitized monographs and collections from the Appalachian Consortium Press.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Consortium Press
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Appalachian Consortium Press
Date Issued
Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.
June 1, 2017
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
<a title="Digital Scholarship and Initiatives" href="http://library.appstate.edu/services/digital-scholarship-and-initiatives" target="_blank">Digital Scholarship and Initiatives</a>
Publication
Digital Publisher
Digital Republication
Appalachian State University
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bits of Mountain Speech
Description
An account of the resource
<span>Paul Fink’s </span><em>Bits of Mountain Speech</em><span> is a dictionary of “folk speech.” In this work Fink has provided a glossary of terms that are often considered the language of the less educated people of the mountains of Western North Carolina and Eastern Tennessee. They are sometimes archaic, sometimes quaint, and almost always idiomatic. The language Fink examines is a holdover of earlier times when the Scots, Irish, and Welsh settled the region, therefore many of the pronunciations are reminiscent of Celtic languages. Not only does he list unusual words that he has come across, but he also uses them in sentences in order to interpret the word or phrase and clarify its meaning.</span><br /><br /><a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=10ebVv8ghidia9uKswswkCyRhhKOWnzwU" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Download EPub<br /><br /></a><a title="UNCP" href="https://www.uncpress.org/book/9781469638195/bits-of-mountain-speech/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNC Press Print on Demand</a>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Fink, Paul M.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Subject
The topic of the resource
English language--Provincialisms--North Carolina
English language--Provincialisms--Tennessee
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1974
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Reference works
E-books
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed</a>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="UA 76 Appalachian Consortium records" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> UA 76 Appalachian Consortium records </a>
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title="Appalachian Consortium Press Publications" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/82" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Appalachian Consortium Press Publications</a>
Appalachia
colloquial
linguistics
North Carolina
Tennessee
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Appalachia
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force, Volume I, <em>Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities</em> Final Report and an Addendum
Description
An account of the resource
<p>These files contain the report (divided into four files) and an addendum (the fifth file) on land ownership patterns and their impacts based on the results from the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey conducted in 1979. This report and addendum were submitted to the Appalachian Regional Commission by the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force in February 1981. <br /><br />The study was conducted in these six states and counties: <br /><br /><strong>Alabama: </strong>Blount, Cherokee, Cleburne, Cullman, Dekalb, Etowah, Fayette, Jackson, Lamar, Marion, Marshall, Shelby, Tuscaloosa, Walker, and Winston<br /><br /><strong>Kentucky:</strong> Bell, Breadthitt, Floyd, Harlan, Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Letcher, Martin, Perry, and Pike Counties<br /><br /><strong>North Carolina:</strong> Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Madison, Mitchell, Swain, and Watauga<br /><br /><strong>Tennessee: </strong>Anderson, Bledsoe, Campbell, Cumberland, Fentress, Hamilton, Marion, Morgan, Rhea, Roane, Scott, Sequatchie, Van Buren, and White<br /><br /><strong>Virgina: </strong>Bland, Buchanan, Dickenson, Grayson, Lee, Russell, Scott, Smyth, Tazewell, Washington, Wise, and Wythe<br /><br /><strong>West Virginia: </strong>Braxton, Jefferson, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, McDowell, Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Mingo, Ohio, Raleigh, Randolph, Summers, and Wayne</p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Alabama
Kentucky
North Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
West Virginia
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1981-02
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Alabama
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Kentucky
North Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/48a54e8e557f29a387c98f27a9da5d45.pdf
2e983f0b9c8b63d4ab24b63db6b2d481
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/7835f16e5d6b0f2613b4df4c96189b94.pdf
158b9c25f1e24fc5e82fd8ee993cfbe7
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force, Volume V, Tennessee Final Report
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain the final report on land ownership for the fourteen Appalachian counties in the state of Tennessee which were part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey conducted in 1979. There are profiles for each county and two case studies—on Campbell and Cumberland Counties—in the report.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Tennessee
Tennessee, East
Anderson County (Tenn.)
Bledsoe County (Tenn.)
Campbell County (Tenn.)
Cumberland County (Tenn.)
Fentress County (Tenn.)
Hamilton County (Tenn.)
Marion County (Tenn.)
Morgan County (Tenn.)
Rhea County (Tenn.)
Roane County (Tenn.)
Scott County (Tenn.)
Sequatchie County (Tenn.)
Van Buren County (Tenn.)
White County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1980-11
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Anderson County Tenn.
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Bledsoe County Tenn.
Campbell County Tenn.
Cumberland County Tenn.
Fentress County Tenn.
Hamilton County Tenn.
Marion County Tenn.
Morgan County Tenn.
Rhea County Tenn.
Roane County Tenn.
Scott County Tenn.
Sequatchie County Tenn.
Tennessee
Van Buren County Tenn.
White County Tenn.
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf
90978d22d5fa289b13df2cdcf5fd4a21
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Appalachia
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Key, 1978-1979
Description
An account of the resource
This document is the key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey conducted between 1978 -1979. The study covered counties in six states within Appalachia: Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. To view the digital collection of the survey for each county, see the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Mountains--Alabama
Mountains--Kentucky
Mountains--North Carolina
Mountains--Tennessee
Mountains--Virginia
Mountains--West Virginia
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1978-1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Alabama
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Kentucky
North Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
West Virginia
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/44633e159f39570cee2c2732c2997366.pdf
cfb880cd502b8337073982b6a87aae1f
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee, Anderson County
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Anderson County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
This land ownership survey of Anderson County, Tennessee was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Anderson County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Anderson County Tenn.
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/f1a28b4a2baa405894c6f2eccec5b78b.pdf
e0cee2130bca1ca934fe82ce2542d933
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee, Bledsoe County
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Bledsoe County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
This land ownership survey of Bledsoe County, Tennessee was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Bledsoe County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Bledsoe County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/2f0a8864221d915fe50714d1ffd5fcef.pdf
efc84bfdf2b76fcdc25c94436cc97cd0
PDF Text
Text
������������������������������������������������������������������������
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee, Campbell County
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Campbell County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
This land ownership survey of Campbell County, Tennessee was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Campbell County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Campbell County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ecb3ae34381115f82b9c41a391d6d3ed.pdf
e9be223eae0adc61d4543b10eb6a05ea
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee Corrections: Anderson, Bledsoe, Campbell, Cumberland, Fentress, Hamilton, Marion, Morgan, Rhea, Roane, Scott, Sequatchie, Van Buren, and White Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
This document corresponds to and contains corrections to the land ownership surveys for Anderson, Bledsoe, Campbell, Cumberland, Fentress, Hamilton, Marion, Morgan, Rhea, Roane, Scott, Sequatchie, Van Buren, and White Counties in Tennessee. The study was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Anderson County Tenn.
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Bledsoe County Tenn.
Campbell County Tenn.
Cumberland County Tenn.
Fentress County Tenn.
Hamilton County Tenn.
Marion County Tenn.
Morgan County Tenn.
Rhea County Tenn.
Roane County Tenn.
Scott County Tenn.
Sequatchie County Tenn.
Tennessee
Van Buren County Tenn.
White County Tenn.
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/27673a9b19b5cf9456175247d97de765.pdf
993a7777ca2174e35deb351d3b22a5c7
PDF Text
Text
������
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/386d3de0f9f87fb024f6f2c2766bd629.pdf
cc63c2607c90211dfd509a8552174bb3
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Cumberland, Bledsoe, Campbell, Fentress, Morgan, and White Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Cumberland County, and includes some data for Bledsoe, Campbell, Fentress, Morgan, and White Counties in Tennessee. The surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Cumberland County (Tenn.)
Bledsoe County (Tenn.)
Campbell County (Tenn.)
Fentress County (Tenn.)
Morgan County (Tenn.)
White County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Bledsoe County Tenn.
Campbell County Tenn.
Cumberland County Tenn.
Fentress County Tenn.
Morgan County Tenn.
Tennessee
White County Tenn.
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d49b312e02b94ad47f7fa271fbde2382.pdf
39c49f72bc0605a2b2c3f9420a4ac0a8
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/8eda8b623bcb708bbaf2f108c3f3b10d.pdf
8cb6f1bcf903f057a68484164bb11cb3
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/bee827d6d63669669653450332a26158.pdf
9a220a07569528082818ecfe87edaddb
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Fentress, Cumberland, and Morgan Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These three files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Fentress County and some data for Cumberland and Morgan Counties in Tennessee. The surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Fentress County (Tenn.)
Cumberland County (Tenn.)
Morgan County (Tenn.s)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Cumberland County Tenn.
Fentress County Tenn.
Morgan County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/3c37ee2ae405015ad592f841da3d8ab6.pdf
2fc0162318d22ef7c29a4db999699783
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0a49a088e56d8e77a8eed6fba5514383.pdf
6e51c912388640a23b03d6886961a7c2
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Hamilton and Marion Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of Hamilton and Marion Counties in Tennessee conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. The study covered six states in Appalachia: Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Hamilton County (Tenn.)
Marion County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Hamilton County Tenn.
Marion County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/a35128426a111d497c3260d77fafbaaf.pdf
9ab67de4355bdd5f03ab40f6bb630099
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/aafe3064f788db8a99461f352dd013ff.pdf
996eb0996a200fc371a5c37371fd37a2
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Marion, Hamilton, and Rhea, Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Marion County and including some data for Rhea and Hamilton Counties of Tennessee. The surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Marion County (Tenn.)
Rhea County (Tenn.)
Hamilton County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Hamilton County Tenn.
Marion County Tenn.
Rhea County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Morgan, Campbell, Cumberland, Fentress, and Scott Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership surveys of primarily Morgan County and some data for Campbell, Cumberland, Fentress, and Scott Counties in Tennessee. The surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Morgan County (Tenn.)
Campbell County (Tenn.)
Cumberland County (Tenn.)
Fentress County (Tenn.)
Scott County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Campbell County Tenn.
Cumberland County Tenn.
Fentress County Tenn.
Morgan County Tenn.
Scott County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0b376cb67699740d536f69a06b5d03da.pdf
932a5d161a89ef0d4a4afd4182e498e8
PDF Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0db7d87522c8ee0472c2028affeafb07.pdf
9f4fc0082b4ea3e6051d4aa2390a2a67
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Rhea, Marion, and Sequatchie Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Rhea County and some data for Marion and Sequatchie Counties in Tennessee. The surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Rhea County (Tenn.)
Marion County (Tenn.)
Sequatchie County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Marion County Tenn.
Rhea County Tenn.
Sequatchie County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/6cba39b7e2ca42afb70d9e39b7582c46.pdf
9eff81beaa9578518e65dd3f6289d904
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/12b7f9ae7e2f23047c108ad11bc9950d.pdf
0eaffd14027135753d5e33279997ae03
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Roane, Scott, and Morgan Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Roane County, including some data for Scott and Morgan Counties, in Tennessee. The surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Roane County (Tenn.)
Scott County (Tenn.)
Morgan County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Morgan County Tenn.
Roane County Tenn.
Scott County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/93367ee44a726693e22234ba7bc224a0.pdf
e97dcf00be5100671bf6b786ffc12e77
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/a3b998fc1963a74f1184873c2d766ebb.pdf
0eaffd14027135753d5e33279997ae03
PDF Text
Text
�����
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Scott, Morgan, and Roane County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Scott County and includes some data for Morgan and Roane Counties in Tennessee. The survey was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Scott County (Tenn.)
Morgan County (Tenn.)
Roane County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Morgan County Tenn.
Roane County Tenn.
Scott County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/8480f89b343c774029ad3f845233f8a2.pdf
7102e14ee0ffd43fd49f5b0d7e5a319a
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/078c25068e359acde3596a139908a122.pdf
ddc683dcc3149b46f6faf4bf04c6aab9
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Sequatchie, Bledsoe, and Rhea Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Sequatchie County and some data for Bledsoe and Rhea Counties of Tennessee. The surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Sequatchie County (Tenn.)
Bledsoe County (Tenn.)
Rhea County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Bledsoe County Tenn.
Rhea County Tenn.
Sequatchie County Tenn.
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/06fe752e3efdab4d73ebaf9c71f7074c.pdf
f6b77aaab98b97b6d1444d1b868818d9
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: Van Buren and Bledsoe Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Van Buren County and some data for Bledsoe County in Tennessee. These surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
Van Buren County (Tenn.)
Bledsoe County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Bledsoe County Tenn.
Tennessee
Van Buren County Tenn.
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d539718a5fd9079f6add354db5e38cfb.pdf
15a96da4fc4de0a5f273dadb66abfda7
PDF Text
Text
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e06a1adc530cb1f5d08774ab9a65af29
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.</p>
<p>The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies.</p>
<p>Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns.</p>
<p>The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983).</p>
<p>The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details.</p>
This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Geographic Location
Tennessee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tennessee: White, Bledsoe, and Cumberland Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979
Description
An account of the resource
These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily White County and some data for Bledsoe and Cumberland Counties in Tennessee. The surveys were conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection are available free of charge for personal, non-commercial, and educational use with the proper citation (i.e., Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records collection AC.104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with questions or requests for further information.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land tenure--Appalachian Region
Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use--Appalachian Region
Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region
Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern
White County (Tenn.)
Bledsoe County (Tenn.)
Cumberland County (Tenn.)
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Appalachian Region
Appalachian Region, Southern
Appalachian Mountains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1979
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Appalachian Land Ownership Survey
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Bledsoe County Tenn.
Cumberland County Tenn.
Tennessee
White County Tenn.
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/9f48b49954b52c43cb73602febcad365.pdf
d59c60b3fb713691e42b6d2806d37422
PDF Text
Text
Peggy Dotterer Interview
This is J ane Efird with Marlene Deaton for the Appalachian Oral History Project ,
July 17 , 1975 .
W ' re speaking with Mrs . Peggy Dotterer at her home in Hot Springs ,
e
North Carolina .
Q.
I just want you to start telling us about the history of the Hot Springs
and who first built the hotels around hre .
A.
Ah , this is history as I have gotten it from my family and my grandparents
and ah, it is not authentic as far as dates nor bave I ever researched all this .
These are just fond memories of a past era .
And my life began in Hot Springs when
I was , came back here when I was about ah , a little over two years old .
first home here was in the old Hampton Cottage .
time .
And my
And I lived there a very short
My father was ill and my father died there .And my mother was the youngest
daughter of the Rumbos .
And so , I ah) my roots are pretty deep in Hot Springs from
ah family ties and from the fact that I have lived here .
And whenever I ' ve gone
away from here , I have been irrevetably drawn back by what I can ' t t ell you exactly .
So, I have seen it from partially the hey- day and I have also listened to glowing
tales of days that came before my time on in to very sad to say , when we no longer
can be classed as a tourist town of any kind .
was the famous Mountain Fog Hotel .
many people , summer after summer .
And it was ah , still being visited by a great
And it was the type of tourism that we no longer
have . You came and you brought your trunk .
was small .
And you spent the summer .
they do now , one night stands .
close friends .
And you came by railroad train when I
Ah , you didn ' t move from place to place like
And these people came so often that they became quite
And the hotel now as I visualize it , from this standpoint , was a great
big rambling ah , wooden structure a.r:rl the front
road station .
And the first hotel that I remember
and it faced the rail-
Because that was the center of arriving and leaving .
And then , it had the
two wings tbat went back and the middle was kind of a courtyard and on the back wing
near the bay was the big ballroom and there were very gay activi ties there .
D:l.ncing
every night , orchestras brought in to be there all summer and the thing , one of the
things tlB.t was featured besides the gay social life was the curative waters of the
mineral springs . And those mineral springs are not looked upon now as they were then
�2
but that was the era of the farm , when people were very eager to go to places of
that nature and they believed greatly in , mm, the curative powers when they don ' t
anymore .
And then ah , I was twelve years old when the end of the hotel as a real
thriving tourist business of that era which is a very beautiful memory to me . of what
people did and what they were like in the life there.
to an end by the beginning of W
orld W I.
ar
And ah , that ah , was brought
And my uncleJ by that time, was running
it because my grandfather was quite elderly and he had divided the ownership of it .
And he felt that there would certainly be no tourist business here and so he made
a lease with the government for the German Prisoners to be interned here .
And the
most interesting part that stands out in my mind from them coming , they had a
wonderful German band and it sat down on the lawn there and played all the gorgeous
German music of the Blue I.anube and all the waltzes and Strauss W
altzes .
not only heard it from them but it echoed off of the mountains .
And you
And the officers
were interned in , in the main hotel and the sailors ah , they were merchant marines
who were taken .
golf link .
An
They were interned across the road in what had been a part of the
ah , that of course went on through the war and then when the war
was over , it was an army hospital for a short time .
have the real old fashioned ah , summer hotels .
Rlt never , never again did we
And it had been the heart of the town .
And of course , there were future attempts for tourism here because we were on 25- 70 .
And that for a time was the main road .
And it was for a good many years .
all the traffic from the mid- west through to Florida .
It brought
And we lBd ah , a season of
winter people on their way down to Florida and on their way back .
Bu~as
were built , fewer and few people , fewer people came this way at all .
And it ' s very
sad really for me to have seen it go into the decline that it ' s in now .
very definitely the last stroke was the opening of I- 40 .
highways
But , it
And we tried very hard to
ge1j, bring the roads through here , but it was a sort of a political deal with who
we tried and they got I- 40 and it completely took , took the through traffic away from
us .
And even t he motel down there that was the motel of the town then ah , is now ,
it ' s grew but you don ' t see too many people there .
And the ah , cafe that was ah ,
the best one that we had is now is a liquor store , an AB:: store .
nice place , eating place there .
That was a real
And for a time we had no eating place and now we
�3
have a sort of a one down town here which ah , doesn ' t stay open very regularly and
isn ' t patronized much.
And there is really no ah , r esemblance whatsoever t o this
town as I lrn.ew it when I was growing up .
rooted here and loved it very much.
Tennessee .
My
And my family was always very ah , deep-
And there was a very_close tie in with Greenville ,
f amily had come from there .
Jr ., the president ' s son .
Ah , one of my aunts married Andrew Johnson
And the Greenville people patronized Hot Springs and for
many years they drove a railroad train over here and had an annual picnic long after
Hot Springs .l:ad faded away as being ah , a real tourist center .
They still came and
ah , had their picnic down in the old hotel grounds like they had always done .
then that passed interval .
It wasn ' t done anymore .
And
So I , I can ' t ah , I can ' t see
that we have much hope for tourism as we have knownit , but there may come a time when
this will be a sort of a retirement center .
And about the only thing we have to
off er now is very lovely soenery , ,very quiet atmosphere , and very nice all- year- round
climate .
Of course , we don ' t get terribly cold here and ah , our SUilllllers are just as
nice with a very cool m
ountain night .
And yet just ah , when or who we will attract
ah , enough of people to change the place drastically , I ' m not sure whather it will
talce a long , long time or not .
Q.
And now can you think of anything that you ' d like to.
W
ell, ah , you said that you remember some fond stories that your grandparents and
your parents told you .
Could you start , you :Im.ow , tell ing us some of those about
the ah , the old , the tourist business so long ago?
A.
Well , the tourist business long ago was just possibly , as I remember it , is
m
uch as stories passed onto me .
I must say the greatest number of stories ever passed
onto me were the things t hat went on during the civil war because that w
growing up , that was still very vital in their minds .
had happened a
d t here
I was
The epis odes were things that
are two stories of Civil W days .
ar
And one of them was that
ah, my grandmother was living in a little cottage back upon the hill and my grandfather
had gone off and he was on the Confederate side and so she was there with the children
and she ah , the soldiers were coming .
They were on the other side and we had trouble
here apparently with what they call bushwackers , deserters anything .
the mountains and they simply came in as marauders .
They hid
~ut
They weren ' t fighting for any
in
�4
cause.
They were, it was just a good chance f or outlaws to express themselves .
And
so when she heard of them coming , she was really a very gallant lady , and she went
out , got an old colored man to help her , and she went out and burned the bridge t hat
led over to the hotel .
Then , another story is , is when they were they came and they
were taking everything they had and she had taken up the floor in the rarlor and had
a horse in there that she loved very much .
They were going to lead the horse away
and she threw her arms around the horse's neck and the man went off with her hanging
onto the horse for dear life .
And so , the young officer on the Union side said · well ,
if the lady loves the horse that much , give it back to her . "
So , she saved it .
Then ,
this other story they used to tell was that there was a battle f ought down at the Hotel
Grand .
I guess you ' d call it a squirmish .
And the ah , this young Union soldier was
was killed and he was fatally wounded and he died in my grandmother ' s arms .
They
were out trying to help both sides .
You were
That was the way of war in those days .
out killing, but you were you had a heart f or the other
~ide
as people , human beings .
And so , when he died in her arms , he had lovely golden sort of curls and she cut off
some and sent them to his mother .
And it was a life-long friendship by way of never
meeting but writing back and forth t o each other always .
And as far as as tourism
was concerned , I think that this description that I have in this article is about the
way it was and the way ah, the first way I remember it and I say in here in order to
describe the life tl:at centered about the second hotel , we quote from a , of a , from
an article written by one of the writers in that
the
Carolina used to publish.
rom t:be pamphlet tl:a t
I say although many came for the curative
value of the water , many others of tbe South ' s elite came summer after summer to enjoy
the gay social life and whether that would be gay social life today I ' m not sure but
that was their type of gay social life .
And I go on to say mountains
has become famous and I can remember the thing that stands out in my mind , something
that people loved then and I don ' t know whether they ' d love it now or not and that
was t he amateur theatricals .
W were al ways having ah , somebody getting up amateur
e
theatricals to be put on the stage of the ballroom and I can well , the thing I re-
�5
member was a man sitting in a chair , ah, smoking his pipe and remembering his
former sweetheart .
And I can remember that I was with a sweetheart number; number
1 when I was about five years old.
W walked out on the stage and stood there.
e
And of course, he lad what his memories were recited, in some kind of verse that
had be en written local .
And I can remember all these theatricals, sort of brought
in a local picture of life around here .
And they used to have people in the hotels
that were called the entertainment and they not only ran t he hotel , but they felt
responsible f or keeping t he guests very well entertained .
And we did have horse-
back riding and there were trails around here and there ' s an old road on the mountain back of the cabin I used to live in , that was called Dead Park Road .
originallY, I remembered is wide enough for a buggy to go
OL
And
and the people from the
motel would be taken out buggy riding up on the mountain and ah , ah around the hotel
there were things like ah
i g watermelon cuttings where the where they would pick
the watermelons in the garden dovm here , put them in a wagon and then the man would
ride into the center and then we ' d have a watermelon cutting and all the guests would
be there .
gether
thing .
And so it was the type of entertainment t!at would bring the people torather than everybody going out like they do now and doing their
-Own
It was an era of ah, enjoying social activ planning social activities of rather
a grandiose nature,
I ' d say .
many ideas like
The
Bapt~st
people weren 't really sold over to too
I can remember these beautiful evening dresses and they had
the dresses had trains on them and there was a loop
int~
d of, on the edge of· the
dress and the ladies put these over their wrists and that lifts the train and then
they waltzed and I was very small and used to sit on the back porch and and look
-
in at what was going on and I thought that was the most beautiful thing I ' d ever
seen, all these ladies holding their
running in t he fields with
One of the young ladies just asked me if I knew ah could remember any.. of the ah
sgrt· of famous people or
famous ~ to~me
mind is O' Henry , the author .
people and the one that stands out in my
And he had married a lady from Asheville and he
�6
came down here on his second honeymoon because he ' d already been married before .
And I remember , I don ' t know i f this is out of place, but I remember they served
mint julips up at my house and there were quite a l arge crowd that came and participated in this event and so I got to see the real live O' Henry .
And we had good
friends that came but as f or really famous people, I ' m not sure that I can remember .
Let me think i f I can remember anybody .
W had a great many New Orlean ' s
e
people-the far south people because I guess t hey found this so delightful for summer .
Q.
You don ' t have to tell us about famous people but any certain people that
you you know were good, just real good friends with or anything like that .
A.
You see , I was pretty young and ah , so my friends were some of the children
down at the hotel and I missed that very much after there was no more hotel because
that ' s where I f ound all my playmates .
It ' s been s o many years ago I ' m not sure I
can remember anybody by name particularly but I do remember the that people talked
about later by the family.
And they had , evidently , become close personal friends
and they were mostly far south people and I wish I could could remember better , but
you don ' t remember too well when you ' re my age .
Q.
Tell us about ah the first inn and then when the second one was built , and
each of the owners - ah, how the ownership passed down through the generations .
A.
The f irst that made this part of the country famous was t he era of the drovers .
Do you know anything about the drovers?
W
ell, ah , by way of the Buncombe turnpike
which went through here , M
adison County, through Hot Springs , they used to drive the
there were pigs and turkeys and those were the two most famous things that you heard
of being driven through down to Charleston , South Carolina , down t o the coast and
probably in between .
And inns were spotted all through Madison County because of
the drovers and you see that was a profitable thing .
they also had to provide feed for the animals .
turkeys and pigs .
The man stayed in the inn and
I ' m sure they had cattle as well as
And t he local farmers could sell the grain . So , I guess I would
say that probably Madison County was as prosperous in the drovers era as it was , ha s
ever been since .
And the first inn that I ever heard of was run by the Neilsons .
And I knew descendents of that fami l y w were G
ho
arretts and the one of the Garretts
�7
that I knew real well was named William Neilson so, I ' m certain of the tie in there .
And that was not on the present site of the present hotel , it was down the river a
ways on the other side .
And then the first hotel that I ever knew of here , whether
it was built by the Pattons or bought by the Pattons , I ' m not certain because I ' ve
seen it written both ways .
And all of our history , even though it had been written
down in late years , perhaps isn ' t absolutely authentic as to ownership , but we always
seemed to be quite proud of the fact that the man who later became the Civil War
governor of North Carolina , Governor Vance, was a clerk at our hotel .
And the first
hotel was the one that my grandfather bought and he bought it from the Pattons .
And
I never have known why but the deed says "the Pattons and Grand Master Rascal ," and
what a grand master was I ' ve never known .
So , the days when my grandfather first
bought it was just prior to the Civil War and so after the Civil War was when its
greatest development came .
And then he came back after the Civil W and
ar
hotel and a resort of those days .
the sta e coach line .
South Carolina .
, opened up the hotel as a resort
So , his chief interest then was the hotel and
And he ran a stagecoach from Greenville , Tennessee to Greenville ,
Of course, it didn ' t carry many passengers at one time and the most
famous stories that have passed around the ·family about the stagecoach were that they
didn't keep up the road very well and it was on the old Buncombe Turnpike which WBnt
down by the river .
It was full of great big boulders and they ' d have floods and
nobody would fix up the road and it was pretty rough on the passengers and the stagecoach.
And so , Grandfather mounted the stagecoach one day with an axe in his hand
and he cut down the toll gate because he said he had paid enough tolls for them not
to use any of it to fix up the road .
So , then , there became an agreement whereby
he kept up the road and didn ' t have to pay any toll.
And his main interest was getting
a railroad through here and it took a good many years to get it through Hot Springs .
It came as far as W
olf Creek , Tennessee and then they ' d have to come on from here
by a horse-drawn vehicle .
And it was very rough terrain we had that made it difficult
to put a railroad all the way through here .
But , about the late 18e0 1 s , and I have
the exact date somewhere because somewhere I rave a letter that he wrote from Greenville ,
s .c.
to my grandmother and he says that last night they got the railroad through which
�8
means he ' d been to a meeting .
And so, of course , it was the days of the railroad
when people tourists moved by railroad that was my early childhood that was most
impressive to me and I can remember looking out of the windows with my aunt and seeing
how many people got off the afternoon train and the Negro porter would have the ,q ags
up in the car and the people all came strolling down the main road under the trees
to the hotel .
It was a very long walk , but you might say they arrived by railroad
and then by f oot .
grea t deal .
And that didn ' t last for much of my life , but it impressed me a
And I spent a great deal of my lif'e around the hotel because my grand-
parents lived there and of course it was wonderful for a child to be able to go into
his grandfather ' s hotel dining room and eat whatever you wanted to .
And we had a
great long family table and this old Nigger man tl:nt we all called Uncle Simon waited
on tables and Uncle Simon always went around behind us fussing about what we did and
didn ' t eat .
And so , but , all of this was way back in my early childhood and I didn ' t
get very much of it before VAVI came along and that was the end of that .
The present
building t hat we have down that we have down here now the present brick building has
never been used except temporarily as a small inn which was never. r.un very long by
anybody and it ' s n ever been very successf ul .
center came t o i ts end wi th WWI .
To me, t he Hot Spr ings as a tourist
It might have gone on a little while longer had
the building not burned in t he 1920 1 s , but my thought is that it would have terminat ed anyway because lifestyles were changing •
Automobiles were coming in and I
n ever considered it at all the same t ype of tourist resort when the automobiles came
and the boarding "houses and the motels .
didn ' t even have bathrooms in them .
Of course , t he f irst tourist cabins , they
They were just little well ,
The firs t ones I remember , it was just a little log building , but suprisingly enough
people traveled in those days and they weren ' t v ery particular about it and then of
course , motels became j ust like expensive hotels .
To give you a little of t he history of the place , now this i.s. not authentic history ,
this is as I got i t from my family .
The Indians used to meet here to use the water .
It was a meeting place of various tribes of Indians . And they were discovered , we ' ve
a lways been told , and then the story is of t wo men , the scouts , who were watching
�9
for the Indians and they were had gone on out
around .
a~ad
to see if there were any Indians
This was during the time when I guess they had squirmishes with Indians , and
they discovered them near Hot Springs .
But , it had been known , as far as I ' ve always
been told , by the Indians long , long before that and I wouldn ' t doubt at all but what
it had not been used by the Indians
becau~ e
even though they say now days that you
can get in the bathtub and get just as much benefit , I ' ve always felt that mineral
water of the type we !ave is really very superior .
than Hot Springs , Arkansas .
the hotel was going on .
It was always rated even better
W certainly saw some very interesting cures here when
e
I well remember a family friend that they lifted off the
train on a stretcher and he took the baths and before he left at the end of that
summer he danced in the ballroom .
And he became a lifelong family friend and would
come back and visit us even when there was no longer a hotel here .
are curative values I can assure you .
And so , there
And my family , my mother and my aunt always
felt that whatever you had , if you ' d just go down and take a bath and drink the mineral
water there you ' d be fixed up fine and so the two things the things they emphasized
then were the curative values and then they went in big for the type of entertainment
that people liked then and enjoyed .
The widows were not too terribly
though they were much more so than they
are now , but they developed a scheme by which in the month of February , I think from
Christmas on , it was probably pretty slow . : You see , the fall was very lonely here .
It would sort of linger along til perhaps November and I guess they didn ' t mind the
slow season in there when they didn ' t have people .
And then they ' d contacted some
people in Akron , Ohio and rented them an entire wing of the hotel .
filled it themselves with their friends .
Thereby , they
In February was mild then and the early
winter was the part that was cold and so they used to help out that way .
you would get picked up because April was quite a warm spring month .
And by March
So , I don ' t
think they had to struggle through too many winter mont hs and then I imagine that
they had a few people that came and went regularly such as the Drummins who used to
go through the country
the country store and they always had to put up some-
where , And Hot Springs had a good m
any boarding houses back in those days for people
�10
that did not stay at the hotel .
And right back of this house , right over there
there ' s a famous old boarding house run by Lancefords .
in the summertime even after the days of the hotels .
accomodations all over town .
then .
And ah , it used to fill up
And there were boarding house
And Hot Springs doesn ' t look at all now what it looked
So that main street ' s become acrossed with bridges of that was where people
lived and the stores and the post offices and whatever other business buildings like
the livery stable which every town had one then .
t'ha railroad station when I
was growing up .
Ah , somewhere in my possessions and I ' m not sure where right now because things
are kind of mixed up , I rave a little book that you just called a brochure that were
mailed out and I would say the greatest advertisement was word of mouth and I think
people became more familiar with a place because somebody went there that liked it .
.
\
Ah , because people didn ' t rave radios , t . v . s , and barely even newspaper advertisements .
M
ost advertising , I ' d say the greatest, by word of mouth .
Ah , well , the efforts were made you see by the building of superior court
here .
And all along , through the year , as I described to you a little bit ago ,
in those days .
there were
Trat was
And I remember we didn ' t have a lot of automobiles travelling here as early as they
did other places because our roads weren ' t very good around here .
I know when
I learned to drive a car in 1925 there wasn ' t a paved road around here anywhere.
The road over this mountain that you came over was practically single-laned and
a dirt road and the first road I remember didn ' t even have
It was just a dusty road .
rock
The dust maybe hid you in the summertime .
So, the efforts
have been here to encourage tourists , but the ah , things just haven ' t worked out .
If we had maintained a steady tourist travel it wa.ild have certainly required ah,
very good roads that we don 't have because when the railroad travel went out entirely
at all.
Ah , people moved only by automobiles , tourist travel .
can understand what I thought it was .
And you
�11
No, I don ' t remember .
Ah , of course, I was very young during the days of the
hotel and it was all very glamorous to me and I thought it was lovely .
And I
ah, thought it was quite beautifully run because my grandfather ran it I guess .
And it was a tie-in with the family and this house that we ' re sitting in right
now was built by my grandfather in 1868 and it has been completely remodelled .
But , you can look over there and see a picture of it as it was .
And as it was,
as I lived in it as a child and in fact until not too many years ago before it was
remodelled like it is now .
It was my grandfather ' s home .
My
mother was born here .
And ah , it has never been, except for rented for a short period of ti.me a boarding
house while the family lived in Asheville a little while during the days of
southern
company, the Civil W aftermath and it ' s always been mentioned
ar
by the family . It was never owned by anyone else .
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region.
The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students.
Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU.
An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school.
This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965-1989
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview.
Efird, Jane
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed.
Dotterer, Elizabeth
Interview Date
7/17/1975
Location
The location of the interview.
Hot Springs, NC
Number of pages
11 pages
Date digitized
9/16/2014
File size
8.11MB
Checksum
alphanumeric code
8df455f77e2183ea64b8c3af6459e207
Scanned by
Tony Grady
Equipment
Epson Expression 10000 XL
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal; non-commercial; and educational use; provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965-1989; W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection; Special Collections; Appalachian State University; Boone; NC). Any commercial use of the materials; without the written permission of the Appalachian State University; is strictly prohibited.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
AC.111 Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965 - 1989
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111_tape300_ElizabethDotterer_transcript_M
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Interview with Elizabeth Dotterer [July 17, 1975]
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English
English
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Efird, Jane
Dotterer, Elizabeth
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<a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a>
Subject
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Hot Springs (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century
Community life--North Carolina--Hot Springs--History--20th century--Anecdotes
Description
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Elizabeth Dotterer talks about growing up in Hot Springs, North Carolina, where many tourists would come and stay over the summer. She explains: "It was the type of tourism we no longer have. You spent the entire summer." After the outbreak of WWII the nature of tourism changed. Dotterer reflects fondly on working at the hotels and spending time with the summer tourists. She explains that the opening of the I-40 highways had a big impact on tourism as well.
Andrew Johnson Jr
Asheville
automobiles
Buncombe Turnpike
cars
Civil War
drovers
Elizabeth Dotterer
formal balls
German band
German prisoners
Greenville
Hampton Cottage
Hot Springs
hotel entertainment
Hotel Grand
Madison County N.C.
Mountain Fog Hotel
Native Americans
railroad
Tennessee
tourist business
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/27b53db1ad01c1f3a826eda7b31264f6.pdf
cb874bf7faff180b24891f6117d6ed17
PDF Text
Text
AOHP #$7
This is an interview for the Appalachian Oral History Project on April
10, 1973. The interview is with Mr. L.E. Tuckwiller, County Agricultural
Extension Agent for Watauga County. The interview is being conducted by
Joy Lamm.
Q: Mr. Tuckwiller, you have been county extension agent for how long now?
At
Thirty years this last February.
Q: Are you going to be here thirty more?
At
No. I expect about another year and a half or two years will get my tenure
filled out.
Qt
Was this your first job?
At
No. I worked for a cooperative, coming out of school, for seven years -
Farmer's Cooperative over in Cherokee and Clay County, N.C.
Qt
What kind of cooperative?
At
It was handling feed, farming supplies. At that time we were making some
butter, and also we were pasteurizing some milk, and got into bottling milk
before I 16ft there. We were processing farm products and selling supplies also*
Q; Was this a large farming area?
A: No, it's a very small farming area. Farms are small - well, I would say
an average of 30-1*0 acres per farm. Most of the farmers had from one to five
cows and sold a little surplus milk. They also, at that time, were keeping a
large number of chickens - by large number, I mean most of them had a few
chickens which amounted to a large number in the area. Cur cooperative purchsed
the eggs, ran trucks through the community. We purchased the eggs and purchased
the chickens«
That was before broilers got to be very prominent, so we purchased
what we call fryer chickens, and roasters0 They were fryers after they weighed
about h Ibs., they they were called roasters after they got above that. So we did
quite a bit of business that way.
Qs
And then you pulled these and sold them at a market?
At
Sold them mostly in Atlanta, Georgia. We had a truck that usually carried the
produce to Atlanta each week* Thay would take some live chickens, some eggs and
�often times some butter, processed and packaged of course. We would bring back
farm supplies, and also, often times we would bring back feed.
Qs Now what years were these?
Aj That was 1931| - 19U2. I graduated from Berea in 193U, June, and went directly
to this cooperative. The post office was Brasstown, N.C, I left there in February
of 19U3 to come over here.
Qs
And so your only training before then was at Berea?
At
At Berea, yes. In the meantime, since I'*ve been working here, I've been to
workshops and extension courses. I've taken k of their three-week summer sessions.
I've had numerous week-long sessions of training, what we call in-service training.
I couldn't count those, there's been many of them, usually 2-U a year. So you
count 30 years, there were probably 75-100 of those week-long sessions.
Q: Plus working in the cooperative was probably the best trainifeg you could get,
wasn't it?
As That was good training, yes.
Q: What was your job in the cooperative?
A: When I started I was called the butter-maker. I made the butter, processed the
sour cream. I did that for approximately a year, then I was promoted to manager
of the Cooperative Feed Store, and as that I was kind of kicked upstairs to an
office.
Someone else took over the butter-making, and I suppose that would be the
title you would call me through the other six years that I was there. But, of
course, we grew from a small butter-making plant. We began to handle poultry and
eggs and more feed and supplies in 1937> so it increased in volume from, oh, I
think we had sales of something like $i|0,000 - $50,000 the first year, and it ran
up to about $250,000.
QJ What was the name of the co-op?
A: Mountain Valley Cooperative, Inc. It's defunct at the present time,, Went out
of business after we quit the manufacture of butter from sour cream collected from
farm to farm0 You see, the Health Department got into that a little bit.
�Qt
How did you make the butter?
A: The sour cream came to us in containers, cans , and we pasteurized it and made
the butter in those large churns - well, not a large churn - we would make from
300-500 Ibs. of butter at a time, but it wasn't large. Of course, they have churns
that will make k or f> tons of butter at a time.
Qs Was this electric or hand operated?
A: It was electric. The churn and the pasteurizer was electtic. Of course, we
had the steam boiler that produced the heat for pasteurization - just a process we
went through.
Q: And did you have a factory?
A: It was a small factory - I'd guess you would call it a small factory. The
building was about 100' X 1 0 I believe. Run one way kO1 and then we had the
|'
boiler room to the back. It was a small unit.
Q: Getting back to Berea, could you tell me about your schooling there; what you
studied, and what you remember about the school?
As Well, it was a four-year collegej a small college, with only about liOO students
when I went there. They did away with the section they called normal school, and
they built it up to around 800 by the time I left there. I went in 1930, right in
the bottom of the Depression, and then it was coming out of the Depression a little
bit in 193U» when I completed there.
Qs What was it like going to school during the Depression?
A: Well, I suppose it might have been easier going to school during the Depression
than any other time, because you couldn't get a job, and if you could make enough
to kino, of keep going, why you could feel like you had been occupied. So, I didn't
have any money, and Berea was a very economical school to attend - I worked 2 hours
during the week, and on Mondays when we didn't have classes. I usually tried to
work from U-6 hours, and of course our wages were Iow0 I think I started in around
1U# an hour and worked up to 2£# an hour, which is not quite the minimum wage now!
I was able to go through school - I think I had something like $165 when I went there-
�I borrowed from the strident fund, worked, and got out owing approximately $300,
Probably did pretty well. I worked through h years, stayed at the school during
the summer months, and worked - first summer I worked in a broom factory carrying
broom corn to the broom makers. Then I worked in the shipping department the latter
part of the summer. The other two years I worked in the creamery. That's where
I learned to make butter, pasteurize the milk, make cheese, so it was a learning
experience even while I was working.
Qs And this is what got you interested in the Job with the co-op?
At
I expect it was. At that time, jobs were very scarce. A few of the boys got
jobs teaching - or boys and girls - got jobs teaching. When that was over, there
were not many that were employing college graduates for more than just manual labor,
and I felt very fortunate to get a job; even though the salary was very low, it was
a job.
Q: Inhere was your family living during these depression years?
As My family was on the farm, or were paying on a farm in Greenberry County,
West Virginia, and they were lucky to keep their payments up, and they were not
able to help me. Also, the two sisters at that time were just finishing high school
and were ready to go to college. They finally wound up going about a term each, but
they didn't go through. But if there had been a little more money, they probably
would have.
Qt Were you born and raised in West Virginia?
AJ
Yes, I was.
Qs Was this in the mountainous section?
A«
Yes, it's not quite as mountainous as around Boone, but over where we were
raised it was what they called the rolling lando And, part of it got up on the
mountains also, but we had land you could get machinery over. It wasn't quite the
one-horse farm you find in some of the steeper mountains0 It was a 200-acre farm quite a. bit of land involved,
Q: T/fes there coal mining going on around there, or was it agricultural?
�A: It was agricultural entirely,. There was coal mining approximately 25 miles
away. We were - well, later than that it came a little closer when it got to strip
mining. But, we just at that time, some few were beginning to go to the coal
fields for work, because the roads were built just before that; they had hard
surfaced road, and they begun to get automobiles and trucks dependable enough to take
a transport to and from the coal mines. Up until that time, we were strictly
agricultural, and that was the only kind of work we had available. There was not
much money. I can tell people we grew up in poverty, but we didn't know it, se it
didn't make too much difference I guess*
Qt Did you make and have the things you needed from the farm?
A: Most things we made. We bought, I think my mother had the few chickens. She
made some homemade butter. She sold butter and eggs to get sugar, salt, coffee.
As I remember, that was most of the things we purchased. The rest of the things we got our meat, vegetables, wheat for the flour - most everything was produced
right there on the farm.
Q* When were you born?
A: September 16, 1908.
Qi Were you at home when the Depression started?
Ai I was - yes, I suppose. I finished high school in 1?29 and I got a job working
on a neighborhood sawmill, immediately after finishing high school, and my
application for college; I planned to work a year to try to get a little money to
go to school on. Actually, the Depression hit, started in 1930, and that's the
year I started to Berea, So, I had my application in, had been accepted, and was
planning to go when things begun to really tighten down.
Q: When you growing up on the farm, did your family farm by planting by the signs,
or did they have any superstitions regarding fanning?
AJ We heard about those all along, but as a rule we paid no attention to them.
My father was not much on signs, neither was my mother, so we planted when the
ground was dry, and we farmed when the weather was suitable, so I heard very little
�about the signs when I was growing up from my family. Now there were people in the
neighborhood who did farm by signs. They did certain jobs when the signs were right
and only when they were right. I heard them, but I never grew up believing in them
very much.
Q; Do you remember any particular superstitions?
A: Oh, I heard quite a number of things. If you planted when the sig.i was in Twin,
I believe, it was suppose to yield a good crop0 If you planted when the moon was on
the decrease, your bacon and fat would shrivel up when hogs were killed. Several things
I heard, but I don't remember too many of them.
Qs It was a whole lot easier to just go on and do what you wanted to do.
At
I tiling so, yes.
Qs
Did your mother help your father on the farm?
As Not too much, except my mother always did the milking in the summertime and my father
was working in the fields* Usually in the winter months, my father took over that chore.
My mother always tended to her chickens, those were hers. She took care of those0 The
rest of it, my father pretty well took care of. My mother was there were six of us
children born just two years apart then, for 11 years, so she had her hands full at the
house. I was the oldest of six. She didH have much time to get out in the farm. She
would help occasionally. In hay harvest, she would get cut and what we call hitch hay
shocks, bringing hay into the stacks. Or, she would drive the wagon hauling the hay
sometimes, something like that.
Q: What about your sisters? Did they have different tasks to do than the boys?
A: They had their household tasks to do, and as I remember, one of them would-it kind
of rotated-one of them would wash dishes, one of them would peel potatoes and prepare
�the vegetables, and one of them would carry in the wood-that got to be-we cooked with
a. wood stove-it was a right smart little chore sometimes. My father and I did a lot
of that, but during the summer months, why, that usually fell to the girls. They
carried the wood in from the wood shed, saw that everything was ready for the fire.
The water was on the back porch. Had an old well bucket, so they had to draw the water
at certain times. Some few things like that that I remember.
Q: Had your family been in that area for several generations?
A: Yes. The old family farm had been in the family since this area was settled, because that area, the colonists from Virginia began to spill over in there, about the
1^70's, sometime in there. Some of the little tales that I can remember about some
of the ancestors that had been in there. Around 1785, something like that—they had
been there for a long time.
Q: What are some of the tales that you remember?
-A: Well, the tales, of course the ones that are scary, and things like that, would be
the Indian raids. One that my grandmother used to tell was pouring scalding water through
the puncheon floor to scald an Indian that had crawled under the floor to try to get into
the house. Of course, that would be one I would remember, something like that. Then,
about hearing the Indians at night-acting like- making sounds like hoot owls communicating
with each other across from the home, and barring the door-keeping everything closed. I
remember those kind of things0
Qt
Did they ever have any attacks?
At
Not right in our immediate community. There was a fort some 8 or 10 miles away that
did have and Indian attack-in fact, I think it was burned. I believe one time, but there
was none right in our immediate community0
Q: What was the name of the fort?
�A:
Fort Donneley.
Q:
This was in your grandmother's day?
At
No, it was before my grandmother. My grandmother was born about 1852 or 1853• That
was after the Indians were driven out.
Ail these tales were before, just something
passed down by her parents or grandparents, or something. There was no Indian there
when my grandmother was, as far as I know. She said there was bears and deer. I heard
them tell about seeing deer go through the clearings they hacked out of the woods, things
like that.
Q:
Did they have some Civil War stories?
As
Tes. There were some Civil War stories. They were pretty well on the border, and
I think seme of the people went to each army, so there was-I don't know of any brothers
against brothers, but I've heard some tales of some cousins against cousins on different
sides. There was always an alert to - if the soldiers of either side were coming, they
were to hide in the woods or somewhere„
Qi Who was to hide?
AJ
The family-the women and children would hide.
Qs
Oh, the whole family would go hide?
AJ
Yes, they would particularly try to take care of the horses because the horses were
essential to the farm. So they would try to hide the horses0 There's one tale-this is
limestone country-and ther's one tale that they took the horses of anyone to a limestone
cave and took them back into where they couldn't hear the horses of any soldiers Cavalry
that came by.
Those were scary tales too, you know.
Q:
The soldiers on both sides would come through and just take whatever they wanted?
A:
Yes, that seemed to be the idea, that if either side would come through, they would
�pick up anthing was loose. If there was a cow or calf, they would drive it
off, you see. If they found any potatoes, why, they would take them. That's
all "hear say", but I would suspect that there is quite a bit of truth in it.
Q:
What side was your family on?
A:
Most of my family was on the Soughern side-Confederate side. My father's
people were all, and my mother's people were divided somewhat. There was two
sections of those. One brother had already migrated to down of the Ohio River,
which is 150 miles further northwest, and they were very definitely Yankees,
but the ones right there in the community I suppose they had more Southern sympathy than they had for the Northern. The next door neighbors was a Northern
soldier so-both ways.
Qs
Do you remember any stories about hiding runaway slaves?
As
No, I suppose that, evidently, not many went through that areao I think
that most of the slaves headed further East into-up Harper's Ferry, West Virginia.
Of course, that was Virginia until Civil War time<> West Virginia was cut off because what is now West Virginia wanted to go with the confederacy. That's really the reason the state of West Virginia was formed I guess, when you get basically down to it.
Q:
Your family migrated from Virginia?
A:
Yes, they migrated from Virginia. They came with the colonies from-well,
actually we don't know what ship the ancestors came over on or anything like
that, but they were with the Jamestown Settlement, but they might have been,
I don't know.
Qt
You had never been down to Norht Carolina until you came down after col-
lege?
As
I came down after finishing college and got a job.
Qj
What were the farming conditions like when you first came to this area
�10
30 years ago?
At
Well, most everyone depended on their farm for their income, whether it
was, whether they actually farmed or whether they did business with the fanners
such as the fertilizer dealers and the merchants. The biggest payroll of course
was Appalachian State University, as it still is. We had, the census gave us
around 2600 farms, and the income about l^g million, total sales during the year,
so you see, there wasn't really a lot of money floating around<, Part of it was
what we would now call "Subsistence farming", with making most everything that
you used at the farm, on the farm, and in the home. We didn't buy a lot. I
guess the grocery stores would say we didn't buy anything much,
Q:
What portion of the farm products were marketed?
AJ
We were producing at that time quite a number of vegetables. In I9k3>
when I came here-the second World War in progress-we were growing cabbage, snap
beans. Irish potatoes for sale. We were also "growing some beef cattle, a large
number of farmers kept sheep and sold sheep and lambs. Then there were poultry
and eggs on a good many farms at that time. So, we sold vegetables, livestock,
livestock products, and eggs, poultry.
Qt
Did the family use most of what they produced?
Aj
Depending on the size of the farm. The small farmers used a higher pro-
portion of what he produced-total poduetions-thah the larger farmers. Of course,
the larger farmers sold quite a volume of their produce. I would say of the
amount produced was actually sodl or more, and livestock, it would be 9/10 I
expect, because they would produce enough, where 1/10 of what they produced
would supply their needs.
Q:
How did you define1 "subsistence" then?
A:
Well, what we mean by subsistnece was what that most of them raised all
that they needed on the farm, and then sold the surplus.
Q:
Were there outside laborers that worked on the farm?
�n
A:
Usually neighbors. The small farmers would work on their own farm part
of the year, and then work for their neighbors part of the time.
Q:
And the neighbor would pay them cash?
AJ
Cash, or pay them sometimes in farm produce, swap labor with them sometimes.
There wasn't an awful lot of cash to change hands, but some of it did, of course.
Q:
What were your main markets—the main commodities produced?
As
The vegetables were sold through-at that time we had, well Goodnight Bro-
thers were operating at Hollar's Produce, At time to time other large farmers
would have some produce. As trucks,- began to come in, we got more and more
of the outside truckers coming in buying a truckload of cabbage, a truckload
of beans. The biggest bean market in the world at that time was at Mountain
City, Tennessee. We had a bean market there. We had a small bean auction market
here in Boone for a while, and there's also one in West Jefferson. Some of the
towns south and east of here, such as Charlotte, and Gastonia, were good markets
for farm products. Farmers began to get pick-up trucks. They would load a pickup, or maybe a larger truck, with cabbafe, beans, apples-take off down there for
2 or 3 days and sell a load* Potatoes were a Mg item. We could store potatoes
all winter.
Q:
What did the Goodnight Brothers and the Hollars do?
A:
They shipped their produce by the truckload, to the terminal markets—Atlanta
Charlott$, and up the Eastern Seaboard-Washington, New York. I've even heard of
sine if tgen giubg as far as Boston. Some went to Louisiana. That used to be a
pretty big market for cabbage in the late summer, so they distributed wherever
they could find a marketo
Q:
Did they use the railroads at all the ship the produce?
A:
Some. But, most of them went by truck* They could load up in Boone and be
in Washington, D.C. the next day. The railroad was a little slower. A good many
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of the livestock, cattle and sheep, were shipped by train to the processing
plants in New York City, Baltimore, Maryland. Usually our produce would head
East and North, because you could get it from the West in to New York a little
later in the season0 • We were a little bit earlier than some of the northern
markets•
Q:
Ai
Were there any local trucking companies?
There were some local trucks. Sometimes you would find people that would
gather up a load and take it to these markets themselves. Some fortunes were
made that way, and some were lost too, from what I hear. A rather risky business.
Q: Do you know the names of any of the people who did that?
A: Well, the Critcher brothers, Fred Critcher and his f?mily, were one of the
ones that I remember making a pretty big success of it. They are still in the
business.
Then the Hollars family was into it. Of course, the Goodnights,
that's the way they started,, They started with, I think, if I remember tales
I've heard. They started with just a wagon and horses, hauling cabbage and
potatoes to the East or Southeast, selling them that way.
It grew into a very
successful business. The Cooks, McNeils, Browns, you could just about name
any family.':and you would find somebody that's done a little bit of that trucking trying to get produce to the market.
Q: Were there any particularly larger farmers when you first came here?
A: Well, yes, there were some large farms. Most of the large farms were
livestock because they could handle livestock with less labor than the vegetable farm. That's, in what we would call large fawns, there really was not
any. I expect the largest would be 1 0 - 0 acres with £0-68 acres cultivation
|050
which would be what we would call a large farm, which wouldn't be anything,
today we wouldn't call it large,, But, the average farm in Watauga County
�13
has always been somewhere from £0-60 acres, wiich would indicate that there's
quite a number of 10-20 acre farms, some were UOO-5QO acres.
Q: Who were the larger farm owners?
As
Well, one of the larger ones that I remember was the Dr» Peary farm
which more recently is owned by Floyd Ayers, who is now deceased,and over on
Highway 10$. Then we had farms over in Valle Crucis, the Tom Beard farm,
Will Mast farm, the Taylor farm, Don Shall farm, those were fairly large farmsi
Down at Brownwood on the Ashe County line, we had the Coopers, Albert Cooper
farm, it was a fairly large farm. And down at Deep Gap, old man Moretz had
all that land there in the gap, which was a pretty large farm. Of course, a
few of them stiU have farms. The Murray Brown farm, he was a pretty young
man at the time, he had a little over 100-150 acres, rapidly accumulating more,
The Neil Blair farm, where the golf course is now, was considered a pretty
large farm.
ASTC Dairy Farm was considered a fairly large farm.
Q: So a lot of this area that we've seen developed into other things is
where the prime farm land used to be?
At
That's right. The development has taken quite a large part of the better
farm. The Neil Blair farm was a big farm. Where the Hound Ears development
is was the Claude Shore's farm. That was not an exceptionally large,farm,
but it was good farm land. Where Boone now sits, wJiere all this shopping
development on the Blowing Rock Road is, see that was farm land. That belonged to the Farthings-mostly, Grady Farthing's brothers, Ed, Zeb, and Don.
Q: How do you feel when you see the shopping centers and bulldozers where
your best farms used to be?
Aj Well, I have mixed fellings on that. A lot of the people are making an
easier living, at least part-time, in industry, than they were able to make
on the farm with the assets that we had for farming.
So, that has helped.
But, also I hate to see the bulldozers tearing up our land. I think it could
�be done without as much destruction as has been for the last few years, but
they say it's progress, so we'll go along with it to a certain extent. We'll
do all we can to try to keep them from tearing up all the beauty0 We still
think that the farmers are the backbone of Watauga §ounty, that is as far as
the attraction for tourists» There's nothing more attrac tive in our reports
that we get, one of the things that they like about Watauga County is these
well-kept farmsteads and nice cattle on the hill, tilings like that. So, I'm
still a farmer, I believe in farming.
Qs
Do you think that it will be possible to continue with out well-kept
farms and cattle on the hillside?
A: I'm hoping it willo I know we'll have difficulties and we're going to
have problems. But, I think we'll be able to maintain quite a bit of that,
and may see some of it coming backo We've cleared some land when we're trying
to farm extensively that I know would be better off in forests. So, I'd like
to see some of these steeper, rougher places go back to forest production,
which I think would add to the beauty of the area. I hope that we'll be
able to keep enough of our rolling land, sloping land, bottom land, to produce feed for livestock, support our operation, and I believe we will.
Q: Were you involved in the timber growing business, or was most of the limber sold before you came here?
As Most of the timber was sold before I came to the country. We have had
the part in getting quite a number of seedlings set, pine seedlings, poplar
seedlings, and in some cases walnut seedlings, locust..
T e've
also been in-
volved in sane timber stand improvement work, but most of that timber was cut
out before we came or was being cut out during WWII, pretty extensively at
that time. So, we didn't get in on too much. We worked with the land owners
where we could„
�Q:
How did WW II change farming, or change the acea?
As
Well, when WW II was over, the market for Vegetables dropped off, and our
farmets went to other types of production. Many of the boys who had been in
WW II were not satisfied with what they could produce and income they could
get on the farm, so they went seeking other employment. It was a period of
change--the automobile came in strong*, prosperity seemed to increase and the
young people became more restless. Of course, the rural prpulation was too
great for the land to support all of them, so they began to spread out.
Qs
Would you say this was when the major change took place?
As
I think it is, yes.
Qs
Right at the end of the war?
As
Yes, just in the years right after the end of the war. Actually, I expect,
when we begun to get industry in Watauga County, most of it occured in the 'Jo's
which was a period not too lone after the war. We begun to take stock of what
we had, and work with industry to get some payrolls in the county. So, we were
instrumental in studying the situation and getting several facts before the
people. Then we worked with the Chamber of Commerce and others to bring in some
industry. I tell some of them we might have overdone it.
Q!
Were you personally involved in helping to get industry in?
A:
Yes, we were. We were one of the counties designated as rural development
county, and in 1956 one of three in N. C. An extensive study was made of the
situation and the assets and possibilities in Watauga County. We got quite a
lot of help from the state, notable N. C, State University. We were pretty
active in that,
Q:
Going back for a minute, during the war, was there a decrease in farming
because the men were away?
As
Well, we have reduced the land that is being used for agriculture. I think
�16
according to the US Census, only about % of Watauga County is now used for
agricultural purposes. Most of the agriculture has shifted from a row-crop
vegetable production to more of a livestock economu with grass covering the
hillfi, and some of the roughland going back to trees. The income from the farm
has increased from about $1.5 million sales back in 191*5 to approximately $k.£
million at the present time, and the large part of the people that live on the
farm, one or more members are now partly employed or full-time employed in
industry.
So, we would say that our area is more of a part-time fanning area
at the present than it was back in those days.
Q:
What about the crops that are grown? Has there been any change?
A:
The crops grown now are mostly the U-H crops, grass crops, livestock feed
crops. We've gotten away from the vegetables, and the crops that require too
much labor—what we call child labor. There's not as many people on the farm,
the farm families are not as large, they don't have a large number of children
growing up to help pick beans and cabbage and things like that, so we're getting
away from that type of farming.
Qj
Are more outside laborers employed?
A:
No, most of the farming is done by the fanner and his family,, There's
not too many outside laborers employed by the farm. There is some, but not
as much as there was a few years ago.
Q:
What about the markets?
A:
Well, the market—transportation has come in with the better roads and
trucks, so you can get rid of most any crop you can produce. On the other hand,
the transportation through the U. S, , so that crops producedlin one area, can
be qu±6kly transported to another area where they're used. So, that's maybe
reduced the demand for the corps we produce in other areas with machinery, and
the price has become more equalized and not as profitable for us.
�1?
Q: Do you sell the grain crops outside of this area?
A: No, ma'am, most of the grain crops are now fed to Itestock in the area, and
we're even importing some grain from other areas, because it's easier to buy
corn produced at the foot of the mountain than it is to grow it here, sometimes
more economical. But, we grow our hay crops and our silage crops,
Q: What is a silage crop?
A: That's corn that is put in these horizontal silos and used for livestock
feed during the winter months, usually corn,
Qi Since cattle is one of the major animals raised, how do you feel about the
meat controversy?
As We do not agree with the housewife when she says she's paying too much for
meat. If she had to get out here and produce it, I think she'd change her mind.
We think food is still a bargain. The U.S. housewife is only spending around
17$ of their income for food. Most countries, they're spending quite a bit more,
so the farmer, as yet, is not getting his fair share. I think the increase in
price, the increase has come about largely because of increase in the cost of
labor, transportation, marketing, and so on.
Qt Are there any particularly good years that you can remember, or one best
year or best period, for farming in the area?
At No, I don't remember any particularly good years that, there was a time long
about '50 or '51 when livestock prices were quite a bit higher than they had been
before, that were considered good years for livestock producers. Every so often
you'd have a good year for vegetable producers0 Cabbage would bring a good price,
but I don't recall which years those might be.
Q: What about a worst year or years?
A: The worst years were the years around 'f&-'55, in there, when we had unreasonably dry weather for our area, and our vegetable crops were short, so we ran
short all the way through« Those were pretty hard years for us. We can get
�19
them anytime again, too.
Q:
Do you know how the 'ijO's flood affected the soil, and therefore, the
farming?
A:
Only from hear-say. There were still signs of the flood on these mountains
when I came in 'ii3. Many of the little fertile valleys were covered with logs,
ricks, and debris taken out of cultivation. We could see what they called "burst
outs" on the sides of the mountains, where it looked like big patches of the mountain slipped off and slid down the valley. It was evidently, a scary time of destruction at that time.
Qr
Was that land ever recovered?
A:
A lot of it is gradually being recovered, but there's some of it that has not.
Some of it was just graved beds. The highway department has gone into several places and scooped up the gravel and used it for highway construction, and things
like that.
I'd say 1S% of it has been recov ered, but farmers have been reluctant
to plow up those bottoms and make them more vulnerable to erosion, in case we do
have high water. We tru to keep a high percentage of it in sod crops that won't
be—they can be washed away, but it takes more water to wash them away, and it's
n6t quite as vulnerable.
Q:
Have there been any floods or natural disasters since then that have affected
the terrain for farming?
A:
Not to any extent. Some of the river bottoms have flooded a little bit, but
we've been remarkably free of disasters-natural disasters-such as excessive flooding or wind damage, tornado damage, anything like that.
Q:
Could you comment on the Watauga Sour Kraut Factory and impact on farming?
A:
The Watauga Krout Factory was here when I came. They have been processing
cabbage from 75-125 acres of land over the years. They were, I guess, one of the
first industries using farm products.
Sawmills used lumber, timber, but--and they
�have helped quite a number of farmers, probably 60-100 per year, with a small
income, no excessive income, but they've been a good substantial, stabilizing industry for our area.
Q:
When was that started, do you know?
As
I do not know, but I think it must have been just about after the first World
War, shortly afterwards sometime, but I do not know just when,
Qt
Do you know who started it?
At
I do not, I'm sorry.
Q:
Who runs it today?
A:
Mr. and Mrs**Bil Miller-William Miller-are the operators. Mr. Miller's father
operated, it for some time with the help of Dr. K. C. Perryk who I think furnished
part of the financing. So, I really don ft know just how they gained control of it>
or just what did happen. Maybe I should have been curious enough to try to find
out, but I did not.
Q:
But they are still as successful as ever, aren't they?
A?
I think so.
They—I don't think they make any great lot of moJiey out of it,
but they are making a living and they're supplying a market for cabbage, which is
a good thing for out there.
Q:
They buy from individual farmers, is that what they do?
A:
Yes.
Q:
How has—I'll ask you this, then I'll
let you rest. How has your job changed
over the years?
A:
My job, when I started, was working with individual farmers trying to help
them change their management practices, or their production practices, to produce
more and make more money for their farm. My job has been more in the last—well,
since the rural development program in the mid 1950's, has been to try ot help the
people help themselves, whether it be in agriculture or whether it be funding employ-
�ment or starting some kind of small business that would help them with better incomes or make a better living0 It's evolved from a help the people in a limited
way with agriculture to helping them in any way that we can to make—to give them
a better living whether it means more money or just more pleasure from what they
are doing.*
Qs
What sort of assistance has the United States government given to these kind
of programs to help people?
As
Of course, part of the salary of the country extension agents, home agents,
Ij-H agents, is appropriated by the Congrss and that comes through the North Carolina University which is supplemented with some money from the—appropriated by
the state and them that is in turn supplemented by some county money topay personbel and to do research work to try to increase the income or the know-how of farmers c, You see, back thirty years ago, we were producing thirty to thirty-five bushels of corn per acre when the hybrid corn was devleoped and now we're not satisfied
if they don't ge over a hundred. So there's been quite a lot of work from the federal government, the U, S, Department of Agriculture, plant breeding, animal breeding
and soil testing, fertilization, chemicals can be used to control pests, those kind
of things. The research, as far as direct supplement ot farmers, unless you would
call the fertilizer that came through the agriculture stabilization program as a
supplement, why the department has not given farmers the handout or anything like
that. They did give them some money to encourage conservation, and that's one
thing that helped us to get away from plowing up too much of these hill land, those
kind of things.
Q:
Well, I have read a lot about how universities like North Carolina State, the
land grant colleges have poured millions of dollars into developing machinery that
really puts the samll farmer out of business and I've been concerned about that.
I wondered how much they've done that actually helped the small farmer.
�22
Q:
Well, unfortunately I think there's too much truth in the statement that they
have developed machinery and technology that the large farmer or the one that is
able to control the acreage or rent their own acres-a little more benefit to them
than it has been to the small farmer, so I'd say there's more truth than we'd like
to talk about that.
Qj
What can the small farmer do to compete then?
Aj
Well, there are certain crops that the small farmer can produce more econom-
ical, that require a lot 6f hand labor and he can increase his income if he's
willing to maybe work a little bit harder. We think this small fruit crop is one
reason we're into the strawberry plant businesso That's an opportunity. We know
that, with proper care, that a farmer could can have a labor income of from $2f>00$3000 from an acre of strawberries and maybe blueberries, take longer to get them
established, but that may increase to that amount or even more so then with such
crops as trellised tomatoes that require a large amount of labor, at a high income
per acre, other fruits, the production of fancy vegetables, things like that. There's
Opportunities there I think and North Carolina State University has worked for those
type of people quite a little bit. Maybe they can do more, but it's a—I don't
think we've left them our entirely and now at the present time we've got--we're
working three, what we call nutrition aids that are working with'the low income
farm families on a-not only producing vegetables, fruits, and a family food supply,
but on usine what they buy from the stores preparing balanced meals and health
care.
Q:
What is the U. S. Government doing to help the small subsistnece family far-
,mer?
Ai:
Outside of the educational assistance we can give them with extension programs
through the home economics and different kinds of sids, I don't know that the Department of Agriculture is doing a lot for the small subsistence farmer. They are
�more concerned with getting the farmer and his family educated so they can take
advantage of employment opportunities. It seems to me that they might be encouraging part-time farmers more that they are full-time farmers on these small farms.
And perhaps, outside of the few speciality crops, especially vegetables, and small
food projects* Why, if the farmer doesn't want to do a pretty good job of management and take quite a bit of pains, he might make more money on the job. But I
think at the same time, and I think our Department of Agriculture is encouraging,
the use of the resources that they have, such as the land for the production of
these high-income-per-acre crops* We are not willing to admit that the samll farmer is completely out.
He may have to do a little bit better job of management,
and have to get his business established, spend a little more money to get started
then he used to, but he can stiU. make a pretty good go of it,
Q:
Is money available to help you get started?
A:
Money is available usually through the Farmers Home Administration and usually
some other sources to help him get started. He does need to work out a pretty good
farm plan and know what he wants to do, and how he wants to do it.
Q:
And that's where you would come in?
A: Yes.
Q:
Do you see any hope in cooperatives or farmer's associations to kind of band
together to compete with the very large farmers?
As
If cooperatives—if there is a place—if they have a specific purpose and know
what they're after, and have a pretty good plan to go after that particular point,
then a cooperative will work. There's been too much emphasis place on cooperatives
just because they're called cooperatives. Farmers get together and they don't know
what they want* They don't plan far enoueh ahead, so I'm not too strong on just
fanning a cooperative just to say we have one. Let's have a purpose and have a
real need for it.
I think the Blue Ridge F.lectric Membership Cooperative-the Elec-
�trie Co-op, the teltphone co-op, have done wonderful-have been wonderful, and they
are doing a good job.
There is a need for it-there's a purpose, and they had it
well planned. If you talk about a little co-op such as a transportation eo-op,
which I know of, it wasn't planned well enough, and the people were not willing
to use it, so those types of things I think we need to be care ful what we get
into.
Q:
What about a cooperative or association to pool and sell produce or livestock?
As
If the visiting markets are not doing what they should then a co-op can step
in and do the job, but your management in a co-op needs to be just as good as in
a business. Sometimes that's hard to1get. We need to study carefully.
Co-ops
are not a cure for everything.
Q:
Are there any in this area?
A:
As I mentioned, the telephone and the electric co-ops are the better ones that
are going strong.
Q:
I'm thinking of fanners.
A:
Well, of course the PCX is a co-op—it's a large one.
Qi
Are there any that market farm products?
A:
Not that I can think of right off hand. But there-is , over in some of the
western counties, there's a tomato marketing co-op, and apple marketing co-op in
Mitchel County* We have not had a co-op here to market vegetableso I think a lot
of that will depend on if you have good, conscientious markets-private enterprise
markets-then the farmers will go along with that before they'll put their own money
in and try to form one of their own. I think they're wise to do that, because its
hard to hire-you just can't hire the type of management that it takes sometimes.
Q:
What about a farmer's market?
A:
Well, we have-now, let me go back a little bit. Our livestock market is-the
building and facilities-is supplied by an association which is leased to private
operators, so we have gone that far, so maybe I better back up a little bit on
�what I said awhile ago. We do have a. livestock association that has supplied the
facilities, which is in turn leased to private operators. Those types of thingsI think the situation has to be evaluated as it develops.
You can't just make
a general statement, say every place should-the producers should land together to
get facilities and them lease it to private operators* Mayb;e they should get the
facilities and msybe operate it themselves, and maybe a private operator who will
bet or funish the capital themselves can do it. So, each situation needs to be
evaluated in itself.
Qx
Has there ever been an open-air market, where the fanners could bring in thfeir
produce?
At
When we had our bean market, there was-you might call that a kind of open-air
market. There's been little small curb markets, but there's never been what you
referred to as an open-sir market, as far as I know, in Boone, as there is in the
larger towns. So, you've got to have buying power before those type of things will
succeed. I don't believe that you have enough buying power around Boone to operate
a very large market. Little private roadside markets, will do a good job. I don't
believe we've got enough buying power to operate a big market*
Q:
Do you know if any of the farmers take their produce to Winston-Salem or other
cities?
A:
Very few. Occasionally you'll get them taken further away the Columbia Veg-
etable Market, Columbia, S. C. we well a few loads down there, but it's sporadic.
A farmer has a surplus and he don't think he's getting the market price satisfied,
then he'll take a load, but it's not a good sustem.
QJ
Is there anything that I haven't asked you that you think would be helpful
for us to know?
A:
I believe you've pretty well covered the agricultural situation. I don't
know, I hope I've given you the facts. Ifve given you my opinion, so maybe you
�can compare it to someone elst, and them form your opinion.
Q:
Thank you, Mr. Tuckwillere
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region.
The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students.
Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU.
An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school.
This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965-1989
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Scanned by
Wetmore, Dana
Equipment
Hp Scanjet 8200
Scan date
2014-02-25
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Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with L.E. Tuckwiller, April 10, 1973
Description
An account of the resource
L.E. Tuckwiller was born September 16, 1908 in West Virginia. He graduated from Berea College in 1934 and was the Watauga County extension agent for the past 30 years.
Mr. Tuckwiller talks mostly about his career as an extension agent throughout the interview. He explains his academic career and what lead him to the job. Mr. Tuckwiller was born and raised in West Virginia, so he describes the history of that area and compares the land to Boone. He also talks about his childhood on the farm and stories he heard of the Native Americans and the Civil War. For a large portion of the interview, Mr. Tuckwiller talks about farming in Boone and how he has worked with farmers. He also discusses the loss of farming land to development.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lamm, Joy
Tuckwiller, LE
Source
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<a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
4/10/1973
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited.
Extent
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25 pages
Language
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English
English
Type
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document
Identifier
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111_tape57-58_LETuckwiller_1973_04_10M001
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Boone, NC
Subject
The topic of the resource
Farm life--West Virginia--20th century
West Virginia--Social life and customs--20th century
Farm life--North Carolina--Watauga County--20th century
Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century
Mountain life--West Virginia--History--20th century--Anecdotes
Berea College
1940 flood
Appalachian State University
Atlanta
Berea College
Blue Ridge Electric Membership Cooperative
Brasstown
Cherokee County N.C.
Civil War
Clay County N.C.
Columbia Vegetable Market
Cooperative Feed Store
country extension
Department of Agriculture
Farmer's Cooperative
Farmers Home Administration
farming
Fort Donneley
Georgia
Goodnight Brothers
Great Depression
Greenberry County
Hollar's Produce
L.E. Tuckwiller
livestock
Mountain City
Mountain Valley Cooperative
Native Americans
North Carolina
North Carolina State University
sawmill
subsistence farming
superstitions
Tennessee
Watauga County N.C.
Watauga Kraut Factory
West Virginia
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/58ff95d2b028b2ec93c0758972e26588.pdf
1049511367f11e1e67f8b698cefd232a
PDF Text
Text
AOH #39
Page 1
This is an interview with Mr. Stanley Harris, Sr. for the
Appalachian Oral History Project by Bill Brinkley at Boone on
March 20, 1973.
Q:
Mr. Harris, could you give us your age and place of birth?
A:
Well, I was born in Johnson County, Tennessee, where the
name of the place was Trade, which is just over the line from
North Carolina, October 31, 1882.
Q:
How long have you lived in this community?
A:
When I was two years old, my father moved to what is now
Montezuma, N. C. and I stayed there until I finished high school
and in 1902 I went to college at Athens, Tennessee which was
at that time part of U. S. Grant University, main plant being
located in Chattanooga, but the liberal arts department was at
Athens.
That has since changed to Tennessee Wesleyan College.
I graduated in 1902, and took, a post graduate course at what was
then the American University at Harriman, Tennessee.
that was sold and the American University was closed.
Later,
At the
close of the school in 1903, I went to work for a furniture
factory in Harriman, Tennessee and a year later moved to
Lexington, Kentucky and worked there in a furniture store as
a salesman.
In 1907 I became the assistant secretary of the
YMCA at Lexington and in 1912 became the secretary of the YMCA
at Frankford, Kentucky, and in 1916 became the state boys work
secretary of theYMCA.
Correction!
I went to Frankford as the
YMCA secretary in 1907, and in 1908 started a Boy Scout troop
under the British Scout Association which troop was recognized
and chartered in December, 1908 and became so far as we can find
�2.
any history the first chartered Boy Scout troop in the United
States.
After I became the state boy's work secretary, my
headquarters were moved to Louisville and the Boy Scout troop
in Frankford was expanded and a council organized with four
troops in Frankford.
In 1917 I went with the National Council
as a special field commission and remained with the National
Council of Boy Scouts of America until October 1, 1947 when I was
automatically retired because I had reached the age of 65.
I spent a few months in South Alabama where I had a little property,
then came back to Chattanooga whece I was associated with Jake
Bishop in General Insurance and for a time, lived at Johnson
City.
In 1948 we came back to Watauga County primarily because
in 1930 and '31, we had built a very modern residence across
Cove Creek from Henson's Chapel Methodist Church.
At that time
it was called Amantha, and we lived there until we traded that
property with Gene Wilson and officially moved to Boone.
1949 Watauga County celebrated its 100th anniversary,
In
and I
was elected president of the Watauga'.Centennial, and we produced
a type of play called "Echoes of the Blue Ridge" and published
a brief history written by Dr. Whitener as a history of Watauga
County.
In 1912 after graduation from the Grant University
Branch at Athens, I came back to Watauga County as (principal
of Cove Creek Academy which was an imaginary high school and
taught school until about the middle of January, 1903 when I
went to the American University for a short post graduate
course, ant it was at Cove Creek Academy that I met Mary Swift
then a student, which in 1919 became my wife.
We lived in Memphis
for a while and then moved to Chattanooga and eventually came back
�3.
to Watauga County to live, and the family has been here ever since.
In 1949 I recommended to the Chamber of Commerce that we should
develop industry to balance what was then a college and tourist
business as about the only industry.
The Board of the
Chamber
of Commerce was not sympathetic at that time to developing industry, but within a year or so, that became one of their major
projects, and as secretary of the industry committee, I directed
the campaign to supplement the purchase price of property for
IRC, and had an important part in bringing industry to Boone,
which was the first of the major industries coming here.
Later
the industry committee arranged with Shadowline to establish a
plant here, and after that, we found that Blue Ridge Show Co.
was disappointed in the location they had chosen for a new plant,
and persuaded the management to investigate Boone.
That was
other being a trip to New York made by Glenn Andrews and myself,
to interview Mr. Herb, then the president of the parent company
and he agreed to investigate Boone.
We did all the preliminary
work necessary to get Blue Ridge Shoe Co. to come to Boone,
including sale of bonds on their property, most of which was
bought finally by the Northwestern Bank, though several thousand s
of dollars of bonds were bought by local citizens.
Later, the
industry committee was successful in persuading Vermont American
to establish their plant in Boone, and each of these instances, we
had to supplement the land purchase for the new company, and I
had the privilege of conducting the finance campaign, all of
which was easily successful.
One of my big contributions to
Boone and Watauga County was as a member and the chairman of the
board of Watauga Hospital, and conducted the finance campaign to
�4.
to rennovate and improve the then Watauga County Hospital building.
This resulted in our acquiring our modern surgical department and
a very successful surgeon.
Also, with tie help of the state and
the Federal Government to build a nurses home all of which became
part of Watauga Hospital.
Later, when the people of the county
divided the money through bonds, the modern Watauga Hospital, this
property was transferred to the college and later became part of
the equipment of Appalachian State University.
If I have been any
value to Watauga County primarily it has been in developing these
industries and providing opportunity for people in Watauga County
to get employment at good wages, and this has resulted in many
homes and smaller businesses that would not have come without these
manufacturing industries to provide the employment.
I'm still
secretary-treasurer of the industry committee and a member of the
board of most of the organizations that continued to have a responsibility except to encourage and promote them.
We built the
building for Shadowline and they operated it on a rental basis for
a few years and then bought it, and we bmilt the building for
the Blue Ridge Shoe Co. which they still operate on a rental basis.
Same is true with Vermont American which is operated on a rental
basis as far as the building is concerned.
The "Echoes of the
Blue Ridge" finally developed into "Horn in the West" and has
been one of the great advertising projects for Boone and Watauga
County.
It resulted from an invitation to Kermit Hunter to be
the speaker at the Chamber of Commerce where we persuaded him
to write the story, and we conducted a finance campaign for the
money to build the theatre for "Horn in the West" and again I
had the privilege of being the director of the finance campaign.
That's about the story of my connection with the development of
industry and the "Horn in the West".
I have remained as an
�5.
active worker in the Chamber of Commerce, but recently no v&ry
major projects.
Now, what other questions you want?
Q:
Weren't you also connected with Coleman's Tobacco Warehouses?
A:
Well, soon after I came here probably in 1950, Coleman employed
me as a sales supervisor and at that time had the radio program
promoting the tobacco warehouse and Boone as a tobacco market.
I'm still the sales supervisor for Coleman, though we have not
had a radio program as such for the last five years.
Before
Warehouse #1 burned, the year before that we sold in excess of
6 million pounds of tobacco at the Boone market.
Less than 1/3
of that tobacco came from Watauga County, and a considerable
proportion of it came from Tennessee and Virginia, but the tobacco
warehouse in Boone hasbeen a great help to the farmers, not only
in Watauga County, but in this whole section, and last year sold
in excess of 4 million pounds for mighty close to $3 million.
Q:
You organized the first Rotary Club, is that correct?
first
director?
A:
I was one of the group that organized the Rotary Club in Boone
and because I had previously been a Rotarian was elected the
district governor for District 780 which included all of Western
N. C. from Charlotte and West Jefferson through to Murphy some
40 clubs.
I'm still active in Rotary; I think it is a great service
organization.
Q:
What I'd like to ask you now is a few questions on the Depression.
When did the Great Depression start as best you can remember?
A:
Well, the Depression started in 1929.
We had had a very prosperous
�6.
period after the war closed, and things were going great when the
Stock Market had a tremendous setback, and by 1931 we were in
perhaps the worst depression we had ever had.
This depression
didn't seriously effect me because I was then employed actually
by one of the Rockefeller Organizations, and they didn't cut my
salary, but salaries went down in many instances, more than 50%
and thousands of people were out of employment.
It was during
that time that I decided to build a rock house over in Cove Creek
and believe it or not, purchased well finished lumber at $14
a thousand, employed labor only one carpenter on the job got
more than 350 an hour, and he as the foreman in building the house
made a little more than that but not too much.
Common labor
could have been had for 100 an hour, but I couldn't persuade
myself to go quite that low and paid 150 an hour for common
labor.
The rock that built the house was delivered to the site
for a dollar a yard, and even the rock mason made about 750 an
hour which is not much more than 10% what the same would cost
today, and while we later sold the Cove Creek house to Gene
Wilson and his wife, we decided to live in an apartment, and
not finding what we wanted, we bought the lot on W. Queen St.
and built Westmont Apartments which five or six years ago we
sold to a corporation which now owns them, but I still manage the
apartments.
Q:
Where were you living at the start of the Great Depression?
A:
Well, we were living on Cove Creek though I was travelling
out of New York and came home about once a month for a few days,
and sort of kept track of things, but Mary and the children run
the house.
�/ "••
Q:
How many were in the family at that time?
A:
We had two children:
7.
Stanley, Jr. who was born in 1923.
Wait
a minute, he was born in 1920, and Martha was born in 1923.
Q:
Was there a scarcity of food dtiring that time?
A:
No scarcity of food.
The scarcity was anything to buy it with,
and since my salary was continued, I made more clear money from
-"]?
1930 to 1936 than I had ever made-jfeior to that.
Q:
Did you raise any crops?
A:
We had a big garden, but as far as farming is concerned, I didn't
do any farming, anything that was done on the farm was done on a
rental basis, and that was not a cash render, but a percentage of the
income.
But we had a big garden, and I got some prestige as a grower
of roses, for we had a very beautiful rose garden.
Q:
What animals did you have on the farm?
A:
Well, part of the time we had a milk cow or two which Stanley
learned to milk as a 10 year old youngster, and we usually kept a
horse which he could ride or plow, but we made no attempt to be
farmers, but we did have a good vegetable garden along with the roses.
Q:
Were you familiar with any of the government projects during
the Depression?
A:
Not too much familiar with government projects during the Depression,
though during WW I, I was the federal director of the boys' working
reserve which organized boys to work to produce food during the war,
and a big part of that was done by Boy Scouts who produced the gardens
especially the big garden in Washington city which was down on the
�8.
peninsula furnished vegetables not only for the White House, but
Walter Reed Hospital, major hotels in Washington, and was honored
frequently by a visit from Mrs. Wilson, wife of the President, and
on a few occassions President Wilson accompanied Mrs. Wilson to
the garden for she always picked up her own vegetables twice a week.
I didn't do the technical work; that was done by a man from the
agricultural department who supervised that big garden, but I promoted
the idea of boys doing things for the government not only making
gardens, but distributing literature, make Black Walnut surveys,
and numerous and sundry other things, but I had very little to do
with government projects during the Depression period.
Q:
Were prices higher or lower during the Depression?
A:
They were down at the bottom.
I don't know the figures, but
certainly meat prices weren't much more than 10% of the present price
today, and as far as I have any memory, there was an abundance of
food if you had the price to pay for it.
Q:
Did new ways of making money arise due to these conditions?
A:
I didn't make any money except my salary until I retired, but
since I retired I made considerable money out of projects I've been
interested in.
Q:
Do you remember any of the banks closing?
A:
Oh, yes.
The Watauga County Bank in which my wife and children
kept their deposit was closed, and their deposit frozen.
That
didn't affect me very much because I had continued to keep my account
in a bank in Chattanooga which, while it was frozen for a short time,
reorganized and went right on in business, and my frozen deposit was
�9.
promptly reinstated.
But there was another bank or two in tte county
that was closed and if the Northwestern Bank hadn't taken over the
assets of the Watauga County Bank, the IE would have been a worse depression
in Watauga County.
But the Northwestern Bank took over the assets
of the Watauga County Bank and some months earlier Mrs. Harris sold
her stock in the Watauga County Bank, but most of the stockholders,
in fact, I suppose all of the stockholders lost their stock, and not
only that, they had to put up an amount equal to the base value of
their stock which was $100 a share before the Northwestern Bank took
it over.
And that was a real depression.
Q:
What were the community reactions to the banks closing?
A:
Well, of course everybody that had any interest in ttee bank,
particularly the stockholders were very much concerned and some of
them very bitter at the officers of the bank.
But they had loaned
too much money to too many people that couldn't pay and therefore
there was nothing that the officers of the bank could do but accept
the closing when that was decreed by the Federal Government.
Q:
Whom do you blame for the collapse of the banks?
A:
Oh, I think the officers of the bank were too liberal in their
loaning money, therefore, had a good many notes that weren't collectable.
Don't think that there was any one individual that was particularly
responsible.
It was the policy of the bank to loan money particularly
to farmers and a number of the farmers not only couldn't pay their notes,
but some of them lost their farms and that was one of the reasons
got so bitter at the bank.
�10.
Q:
Did the schools change very much during the Depression?
A:
All the schools went on as far as the county schools are con-
cerned, teachers were paid $25, $35, or $45 a month but that was in
line with other things at that time so as well as I observed there
wasn't much let down in public school situation.
Q:
Did tfee businesses and country stores change very much?
A:
Well, some of the businesses went into bankruptcy, but not too
much change in the major businesses.
They weren't making money, but
nobody else was making money at that time so they went along with
the crowd.
Q:
What do you think caused the Depression?
A:
Well , I had an experience in connection with the Depression that
always stood out with me.
I went as the guest of a very prominent
stockbroker in New York to a dinner in Dallas.
Everybody was asking
him questions about how to get rich on the Stock Market, and he
finally got a little irritated at that attitude and g^ve them a good
lecture about trying to make money without working for it, and told them
that if that attitude kept up there was going to be a depression,
and hence I was sort of close to it.
What happened was, as he told
me later, he went back to New York and had the stocks that he held
analyzed and began to sell the stocks that they thought were dangerous,
and as they began to sell, prices began to go down.
I've always
thought that the fact of his starting to sell stocks was one of the
basic reasons why stocks began to go down.
Because if he were selling
stocks at a lower price, pretty soon everybody was looking for them at
that price.
And as a result, stocks went down, and that was the
beginning of the Great Depression.
Fact of it is, I had some stock
�11.
that I paid as much as $20 a share for that went down to $1.25 a
y*''
share.
I didn't well(mine for several years after the Depression
was over and finally sold them for $60 a share instead of the $1.25
I would have gotten for them in 1931 or '32.
And that was an
illustration of what happened in the stock market.
Q:
Who was hurt worst by the Depression?
A:
Well, the common people are always hurt worst.
Laborers/ small
investors, small businesses—they were the ones that were really hurt.
Q:
Well, what do you think was best about the Depression?
A:
What was what?
Q:
What do you think was best about the Depression days?
A:
Well, it probably brought out the stamina of the American people
and showed that by hard work, they could still live even if they
didn't live like they had been accustomed to living.
But I think
it emphasized the importance of hard work and sticking to it which
would be valuable today.
Most of our trouble?today are because
people don't want to work and a good many people don't want to put
out their best at work, whether it be in building a house or running
a business.
Q:
How is life different today from life during the Depression?
A:
Well, it's only different in the luxuries we have.
had automobiles.
Very few people
You could buy a good Ford or a Chevrolet for four
or five hundred dollars, but most people didn't have four or five
hundred dollars.
�12.
Q:
What do you like best about today's way of life?
A:
Well, I like the comfort of feeling that I have a reasonable
income, likely to have as much as I actually need as long as I live
which I hope to be at least another 10 years because I'm only 90
and I want to get to be 100.
Q: .if you could change anything about the way things are now, what
W^
!
wouj-d/jwant to change and why?
A:
I'd want to change the willingness to work more than anything
else, and I think people are happier and live longer when they're
working and that's the reason I keep working now because if you•
keep busy whatever your job may be and try to put out the best you
can you don't have so much time to worry about the aches in your
knees and your back and so forth.
There could be a different
attitude toward life and willingness
to be done.
End of Tape #39
to do anything that needs
�Tape #40
13.
Q:
I would like to ask you some questions concerning your childhood.
A:
As a kid, I was connected with a lumber compantf.
There were
seven of we boys, and we did whatever work there was done on the
farm, but I happened to be down among the younger ones and the older
ones didn't like farm work, so by the time I was 12 or 13 I was the
chief on the farm, what little farming we did and one of the big jobs
was to get my two younger brothers to do what I thought was their part
in taking care of the farm.
Father did encourage it to get through
high school and we all did.
I was the only one of the three younger
boys that finished college, but we all got through high school.
But we didn't have any of the luxuries and we worked even as kids.
I
think one of the troubles with youth today and I don;t think there are
nearly as many of them as people think, but one of the troubles
is children are given too much and are not required to make an
adequate return for it.
I think you can spoil the child by giving
him too much maybe worse than if you made it pretty hard on them.
Q:
Could you give me the name of your parents and their birthplace?
A:
My father was William J. Harris and he was born out in the county
from Abingdon, Virginia, where his father owned considerable farmland.
My mother was born just this side of Mountain City, Tennessee,
on the road about 2 miles this side of Shouns.
Their education
was limited to grade school: I don't think that either one of them
ever went to college, but they appreciated the importance of their
children in getting an education, and while they didn't have back then
in those days too much money to help them through college they did
encourage us to make our own way so I worked my way through college
and that was good for me.
Q:
How much schooling did your brothers and sisters have?
�14.
A:
All of them went to high school, what in those days was
considered high school.
My brother Kemp went to college to study
to be a minister and had the best education of any of us including me,
but he didn't go to college until after he had decided to go into
the ministry and that was when he was 25 or 30 years old.
He was like
a lot of other ministers now, young ministers, he went to college
and pastored a small church someplace, and managed to get through
college that way.
Q:
When you came to this area what sorts of churches were here?
A:
Well, over at Cove Creek where I taught school and where I lived,
there was a Methodist and a Baptist Church, Henson's Chapel and
Cove Creek Baptist Church which is still there, and so far as my
knowledge is concerned there was an Episcopal Church, a Methodist
Church, and a Baptist Church in Boone.
But I did not know too much
about them even when I was teaching school at Cove Creek.
Q:
To which church did most people in the community belong?
A:
Baptist.
Q:
What were they like at that time, and how have they changed?
A:
I don't see too much change ao far as the religious attitudes
concerned.
I think they're a little bit more liberal toward other
churches than they used to be, that's true to both Baptist and Methodist.
I think my father tried to give me the impression that all Catholics
had horns and tails and I learned that people in the Catholic Church
were just as fine as the people in some other churches so that seems
to be a drifting of not being so antagonistic toward some other and
I think that's true between the Baptist and the Methodist, all the others.
�15.
Q:
How did this community get its name?
A:
Well, as far as I know it was the legend of Daniel Boone that gave
this particular community its name.
How much Daniel Boone really ever
stopped here is still a question; he undoubtedly passed through a few
times.
Q:
How and why was it formed in
A:
I don't know the answer to that; I suppose it just sort of grew up
as most places do to start with.
the first place?
I think the Dougherty boys and the
school has had a tremendous influence on the building of the town.
They
just had vision, they didn't have much to work with back in those days
but they got a school started and kept it going.
Q:
How has the community changed over the years?
A:
Well, it has changed a lot in the comforts of the people that live
in the community, other than that I don't see too much change.
A
large proportion of the people now are making pretty good wages and
they're living them up pretty largely.
Businesses have grown, some of
them tremendously.
Q:
Who have been
the community decision makers?
A:
Well, the folks at the Northwestern Bank have been a tremendous
influence in making the community.
Alfred Adams has been chairman
of the industry committee, and from a business standpoint there is
nothing that has even approached the importance of the industry
committee of the Chamber of Commerce in building the community from
a standpoint of industry.
�16.
Q:
Have the Dougherty's been in this decision-making group?
A:
Yes/ very definitely.
One of the interesting things to me was that
back when I first came here, Dr. Blan Dougherty was very much opposed
to developing industry, but a few years later he had a very definite
change of mind and particularly in the promotion of the International
Resistance Company was very important promoter of industry.
Course
he had one love, and it was above everything else, and it was the
college which he built up from a little grade school to quite a
sizeable college and laid the foundations for a tremendous growth
that happened under Dr. Plemmons as President and is still happening
under Dr. Wey.
Q:
Could you give me any other names of really important decision
makers in the community?
A:
Well, I think Clyde Greene and Russell Hodges were of tremendous
importance, and Winklers have been important promoters, especially
Ralph and Gordon, and the three Wilcox boys-Herman, Charlie, Dempsey
have been tremendously important people in developing the community.
Q:
Would you list the Farthings and the Councills among these also?
A:
Well, Farthings and Councills held a lot of property and Grady
Farthing has been tremendously important as president of the Watauga
Savings and Loan which when I first became connected with it had assets
of very much less than $500,000.
Now I understand their assets are
listed at about 36 million; Grady Farthing has been tremendously important
in that connection.
Some of the best citizens in the county were
Farthings, but Grady stands out as the high man so far as promoting
the community is concerned.
Q:
Are there any minority groups in the community?
�17.
A:
Oh, yes.
There are minority groups, but they're much better off
than they are in cities, and we don't have much trouble with the
minority groups whether they be black, or something else.
Q:
Were some families poorer than others?
A:
Oh, sure!
That's true today.
Some families barely lived while
others were living in luxury.
Q:
Did the others look out for them to a certain extent?
A:
A little, not much.
Q:
How many people were in the community?
A:
Well, the first time I came to Boone, there must not been over
300 or 400 people living in what is now Boone.
There weren't any
paved streets or even MacAdamized streets, there were jyst mud roads
and when it rained they were really mud roads.
Q:
Has the population changed greatly?
A:
Numerically, of course, it has changed greatly.
A large number of
people now living in Boone lived in the county but a greater number of
people lived outside.
tremendous difference.
From an educated standpoint, there's a very
Back, when I first came here there was very
few that you could call educated.
Now, a large portion of the
population is at least high school educated.
A very large proportion
of the high school graduates go on to college.
Q:
Do you think that there'ivas a certain time that the population
change was greater, or was there a sudden influx of people, or was there
a gradual change over the years?
A:
Well, while there was a gradual change, there have been two or three
�18.
instances where there
was an influx, and the last five years have
probably been the worst, or the best whichever one you want to put it.-,
Q:
Concerning transportation, how did the people get around in the
community?
A:
Back then they walked, or rode a mule, some of the better ones
had a buggy, the automobiles finally came, and very few had automobiles,
but it kept picking up and picking up and automobile companies
have probably sold more new cars this year, 10 to 1 than there were
in the county in 1947 when I came back here.
Q:
Where did the roads and railroads run?
A:
Well, of course 421 was mapped out east and west of Boone, 321 and
221 were mapped out but they weren't paved or fixed up.
The road to
Blowing Rock was one of the best, but that was organized as a toll
road and they had to pay toll to go over it, and county roads were
generally poor and generally dirt.
Paving of the roads has been done
in the last 20 years, mostly.
Q:
When were the railroads built?
A:
Well, the Tweetsie Railroad built into here, I think, was built
back > in the teens, and was built primarily as a lumber road, though
they had passenger coaches.
Pact of it is, the railroad didn't come
beyond Cranberry when I was a boy and the first train I ever rode on
was Tweetsie from Elk Park all the way to Cranberry, but I remember
very well how afraid I was of it, that my brother carried me on board,
and I got down to Cranberry, and that was about 81-83 years ago.
They built on up here after the William Ritter Lumber Co. had developed
�19.
Pineola, which they called Saganaw, and pretty largely, and the
Linville River Railway came on into Boone, but both of them from
Cranberry to Boone was primarily built for lumber.
Q:
Are you very familiar with any of the mountain crafts or
customs?
A:
No, not familiar enough to talk about it.
Q:
Are you familiar with the folktales, legends, and superstitions
of this area?
A:
Well, I'm not too familiar with that.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region.
The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students.
Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU.
An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school.
This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965-1989
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Scanned by
Wetmore, Dana
Equipment
Hp Scanjet 8200
Scan date
2014-02-14
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Stanley Harris Sr, March 30, 1973
Description
An account of the resource
Stanley Harris Sr. was born on October 31, 1882 in Johnson County, Tennessee. He went to high school in Montezuma, North Carolina and then continued his education in Athens, Tennessee at U.S. Grant University. He wene to post graduate school at American University in Harriman, Tennessee. Mr. Harris had many different occupations throughout his life including salesman at a furniture store in Lexington, Kentucky, assistant secretary of YMCA in Frankford, Tenessee, and boardman on the National Council of Boy Scouts of America in 1917. He moved back to Watauga County in 1948, where he was part of the Watauga Centennial and secretary of Chamber of Commerce. He was a big influence on bringing industries to Boone, North Carolina.
Mr. Harris talks about the effects the Great Depression had on him while at that time he was emplyed by one of Rockafeller's orgnizations. He does explains how the banks were affected and what he believes caused the Great Depression based on his experience with the stock market. When asked about his childhood, Mr. Harris recollects his experience working, explains his family education, and describes the religious community. He then talks about Boone and describes how the minority groups of Boone are treated.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Brinkley, Bill
Harris, Stanley Sr.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
3/20/1973
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited.
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
19 pages
Language
A language of the resource
English
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
document
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
111_tape39-40_StanleyHarrisSr_1973_03_20M001
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Boone, NC
Subject
The topic of the resource
North Carolina--Social life and customs--20th century
Tennessee--Social life and customs--19th century
Tennessee--Social life and customs--20th century
Kentucky--Social life and customs--20th century
Depression--1929--United States
American University
Boone
Boy Scouts of America
Great Depression
industrialization
Kentucky
Tennessee
US Grant University
ymca
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/8eafc2a469b218b7b4642d8144e6b6f3.pdf
5d358774997ce043f1dbc9c8b94adb78
PDF Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Andrew Jackson Greene Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1906-1942
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a>
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Number of pages
77
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 1 [July 15, 1906 - April 30, 1908]
Subject
The topic of the resource
Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County
Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1906-1908
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
48.8 MB
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
105_001_1906_0715_1908_0430
Description
An account of the resource
These journal entries range from the dates of July 15, 1906 to April 30, 1908. Included, there is a brief description of what Andrew Jackson Greene experienced each day. He included information about himself, his friends and family, and community events from the time period.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Diaries
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Watauga County (N.C.)
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
<a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a>
A.M. Daugherty
Alden Isaac
Appalachian Training School
Beaver Dams
Bertha Eller
Boone
Bristol
Cook Brothers
Cove Creek
Cove Creek Academy
Dr. Lynch
F.A. Linney
Farmer's Institute
Hoosier Schoolmaster
I.G. Greer
J.C. Davis
Literary Society
Mast Store
McGuire's Store
Moses Cone Mansion
Neva
Polly Warren
Primary Convention of the Democrats
R.M. Greene
Raven Rock
Reverend David Greene
Reverend J.F. Davis
Reverend L.C. Wilson
Reverend Savage
S.M. Greene
Silverstone School
Smith Brothers
State Fair
Teacher's Institute
Teacher's Record
Tennessee
Union Baptist Church
Wake Forest
Zionville
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/fb5fad1c487beca364eb23646bab35ed.pdf
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Andrew Jackson Greene Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1906-1942
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a>
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Number of pages
37
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 39 [November 25, 1920 - January 27, 1921]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920-1921
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
35.9MB
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
105_039_1920_1125_1921_0127
Description
An account of the resource
This diary includes daily entries from November 25, 1920 through January 27, 1921. Greene wrote daily about the weather, the work at his school, and the workings of the church. Familiar places mentioned include Willowdale, Oak Grove, Boone, Mabel, Lovill Home Annex and Johnson City, Tennessee.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century
Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Diaries
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Watauga County (N.C.)
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
<a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a>
Archie Warren
Boone
Chappell
church
Henry Greene
Johnson City
Lovill Home Annex
Mabel
Neighbors
Oak Grove
Prayer Meeting
Tennessee
Timbered Rdge
Willowdale
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d47d3f00118356458180d7869cd55996.pdf
a622385fe3ac77894560f3867fc5ad54
PDF Text
Text
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/77173558c1b57d0e621ea12a600fdd76.pdf
53e83597abd3511c17eaed4dfd89ab80
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Andrew Jackson Greene Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1906-1942
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a>
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Number of pages
45
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 43 [August 26, 1921 - November 13, 1921]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
45.9MB
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
105_043_1921_0826_1921_1113
Description
An account of the resource
This diary contains daily entries by Andrew Jackson Greene on a range of subjects such as weather, church, school, community events, and travel. The diary contains entries from August 26 through November 13, 1921. Greene travels to a multitude of places throughout this diary some of these places include, Willowdale, Boone, Mabel, Zionville, Deep Gap, Cove Creek, and Elizabethton, Tennessee.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century
Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County
Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Diaries
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Watauga County (N.C.)
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
<a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a>
Appalachian Training School
Bethel
Boone
Boone Trail Highway
Bushy Fork
church
Community
Cove Creek
Deep Gap
Elizabethton
Lan Davis
Leonard Hardin
McBride’s Mill
school
sociology
Susan Ledford
Tennessee
Travel
Watauga
Weather
Wilkes
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/9932f06baa0295b01a9daf8393169d9a.pdf
9b6869c9c08d49df03ab83067757d10d
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Susan Eller to Luke Eller and Sarah Eller, 26 July 1874
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1874-07-26
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
letter_07_26_1874.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This letter from Susan Eller to Luke and Sarah Eller discusses farming and the impact of Reconstruction on Susan. Susan mentions the price of crops and that some vendors of farm animals are not selling in her area anymore because there is an abundance of animals such as mules and horses. Susan also says that the people in her area of Tennessee are confused as to the impact that the proposed Civil Rights Act (passed in 1875) will have on the African-American community, and that many African Americans are being murdered and lynched in her area.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)
African Americans
Lynching
Farm produce
Livestock
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
|3|0.0000000|0.0000000|osm
DeKalb County (Tenn.)
Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
https://www.geonames.org/4617573/dekalb-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Eller family
family letters
letter
Luke Eller
Reconstruction Era
Sarah Eller
Susan Eller
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/f1daede26e6085477bed589e881132d4.pdf
e0df37b0de4f025a1c45a3cf9ce5a5e2
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Sally King to Luke Eller and Sarah Eller, 19 July 1867
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-07-19
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Letter_07_19_1867.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from Sally King to her aunt and uncle Sarah and Luke Eller. Sally talks primarily about her strong religious belief and talks about her fears that several of her family members won’t go to Heaven because they aren’t as fervent believers as she is.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Faith
Salvation
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Eller family
letter
Luke Eller
Moses Brooks
Nancy Brooks
religion
S. King
Sally King
Sarah Eller
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/094d0d250e3492b5a929c9e2b3c2e574.pdf
d1474173c81312a46e69c414ae1c6a92
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Mollie Daniel to Mollie Eller, 23 March 1869
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1869-03-23
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
letter_03_23_1869.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from Mollie Daniel to Mollie Eller. Mollie asks about coming marriages and family members, and she mentions events going on around where she lives in Tennessee.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
||||osm
Carter County (Tenn.)
Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
https://www.geonames.org/4611599/carter-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Dover Tennessee
family letters
Knoxville Tennessee
letter
Mollie Daniel
Mollie Eller
Sallie King
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0e67489a2f1922837ed526dd0a5230c2.pdf
1b5b692c35c362216e2149c2ce97cdf1
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Mollie Daniel to Mollie Eller, 19 February 1869
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1869-02-19
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
letter_02_19_1869.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from Mollie Daniel to her cousin Mollie Eller. Mollie writes that she is anxious to hear from Mollie, whom she says never answered an earlier letter. Mollie is also anxious to see and hear from family members.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Eller family
James King
letter
Mollie Daniel
Mollie Eller
Morristown
Nashville Tennessee
Tennessee
William Rufus King
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/be2b35ade04e9ee8f9378c1a390d4083.pdf
33d515a9178cae556d856567263b263d
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Mary Daniel to Martha King, 30 October 1863
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1863-10-30
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Letter_10_30_1863.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from Mary Daniel to her grandmother Martha Ashley. Mary says she has not communicated with her grandmother in years, however, she is glad she is alive since most of Mary’s family, including all of her sisters, have died.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
family letters
Hansford Eller
letter
Martha King
Mary Daniel
Tennessee
Wesley Daniel
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/dc530ec46ae5031e413f7076ef170d47.pdf
14002cd36104d8c42fab402ebb613ccf
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Mary Eller to Mollie Daniel, 23 July 1865
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1865-07-23
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Letter_07_23_1865.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from Mary Eller to her cousin Mollie Daniel. In this letter, Mary explains that Mollie’s family is not dead, and that her parents and brother are very much alive, and then she says where they all are living and working. She also mentions that their Uncle William Rufus King received a pardon from Andrew Johnson for fighting for the Confederacy.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narratives, Confederate
Johnson, Andrew, 1808-1875
Pardon
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Andrew Johnson
Confederacy
Eller family
family letters
James King
Knoxville Tennessee
letter
Mary Eller
Mollie Daniel
Tennessee
Wesley King
William Rufus King
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/955af4025957ff5759d19997d6f97996.pdf
17c23f7e3aafa0efa9512cd35f221b92
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Hansford Eller to Luke Eller, 11 February 1863
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1863-02-11
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Letter_02_11_1863.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from Hansford Eller to Luke Eller, his father. Hansford is serving in the Confederate Army and has been away from home for some time, and is hoping to come back soon. His grandmother, he says, has grim outlooks on both the war and her lifespan, and he relays her worries to his parents, although he implores them to not worry about him much, for if they pray, he claims, then he will be fine and they will win the war. Hansford talks as well about how he swapped his mare for another horse.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narratives, Confederate
Faith
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Civil War
Eller family
family letters
Hansford Eller
John Baker
letter
Luke Eller
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/3a889f8a813a3195c5496bdd2fd2ca6e.pdf
a9085d38b087d9edd65b0a798af2b579
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Martha King to Luke Eller and M. Brooks, 9 February 1860
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1860-02-09
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Letter_02_09_1860.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from Martha King to Luke Eller and M. Brooks. Martha writes the letter to tell her friends about where she is now living as she has moved away from the Ashe County area. She says she is glad not to be in the cold mountains and enjoys where she is in Georgia very much.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Ashe County
Eller family
Georgia Rail Road Line
Knox County
letter
Luke Eller
M. Brooks
Margaret Nancy Hamilton
Martha King
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/69ce7da59452ec81fc8fe2dae0e7207b.pdf
0d7a2572661b636de0d665c514e89e94
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
<span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from John Pennington to Luke Eller, 12 January 1860
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1860-01-12
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 pages
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Letter_01_12_1860.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from John Pennington to his cousin Luke Eller. Pennington writes the letter primarily to catch up with Luke as well as to inform him about his son getting married and moving back to live near him. Pennington ends his letter with a few remarks about his slaves and how much they are worth.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Weddings
Enslaved persons
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Arkansas
Eller family
John Pennington
letter
Luke Eller
Missouri
Monroe County
Slavery
Tennessee
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/8dbedf96c327ec4c5b9324e1a5715d20.pdf
156e623e4cad419ceb22d4ef530606af
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
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<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
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<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
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Title
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Letter from Aswell Eller to Luke Eller, 21 January 1857
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1857-01-21
Extent
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2 pages
Identifier
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Letter_1857_01_21.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from Aswell Eller to his father, Luke. Aswell apologizes for not writing a letter to his father sooner, explaining that the weather saw temperatures that were thirty degrees below zero and the river froze so no mail could be sent. He finishes his letter by saying he fears ending life a beggar so he must remain a Christian.
Language
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English
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<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
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Subject
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Weather
Religious life
Coverage
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Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
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<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
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https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
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Text
Format
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PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Aswell Eller
Eller family
family letters
Hawkins County
letter
Luke Eller
religion
Tennessee
Weather
William Rufus King
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/05bcca6e591d7c7d7c7f841c54c24efc.pdf
f1f8a45fefb9e2504d776ae88fed7d10
PDF Text
Text
��
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Title
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Kirby and Eller Family Letters
Description
An account of the resource
The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection.
<div class="subnote ">
<p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p>
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<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
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Title
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Letter from John Pennington to Luke Eller, 25 June 1858
Date
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1858-06-25
Extent
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2 pages
Identifier
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Letter_06_25_1858.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
This is a letter from John Pennington to his cousin Luke Eller. John asks Luke for some of his seed and tells him that he has finished cutting his wheat crop. The letter ends with a complaint about the issue of trade in John’s area. John says that prices are too low to make a good profit.
Language
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English
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p>
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<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Subject
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Crops
Coverage
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Ashe County (N.C.)
Is Part Of
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<a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a>
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https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html
Type
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Text
Format
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PDF
Letters (Correspondence)
Eller family
farming
John Pennington
letter
Luke Eller
Monroe County
Tennessee
wheat
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/2b8ff52594ba8c11ce4897d5c7a77998.mp3
5aaab0341314c24cf62e539863e2f7e7
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/e2ff16b84bb951d71cfff050775c251f.mp3
87850752fb6c30aa10ba270932d65b0b
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/00eb4ea4c7c28041afbd5f8199de5234.pdf
97b38f175018b9645b0db1f59d45484f
PDF Text
Text
Oral History Transcript
Appalachian State University • Collection 111, Tape 235
Interviewee: J.O. Shell
Interviewer: Barbara Greenberg
23 July 1974
BG: Barbara Greenberg
JO: James O. Shell
BG: This is a recording of Mr. J.O. Shell, done by Barbara Greenberg on July 23, 1974 at his son’s
home in what area is this?
JO: It’s Elk River.
BG: Well, tell me Mr. Shell were you born and raised in this area?
JO: No, I was born on Upper Shell Creek in Tennessee. And my father died when I was two
months old and my mother, she moved back to the Heaton area. And I was principally raised in
the Heaton area.
BG: What year were you born?
JO: I was born in 1892.
BG: How many brothers and sisters did you have?
JO: I had one whole sister, one half-sister, and four half-brothers.
BG: Was Shell Creek, was that area named after your family?
JO: Well, it’s been known as Shell Creek ever since I’ve known anything. My grandfather lived
there and went to school. I went down there and went to school on up to Shell Creek for a
while; stayed with my grandfather.
BG: Do you remember very much about your grandfather?
JO: Well, not too much.
BG: What did he do for a living?
JO: Well, he owned a farm up on Shell Creek. Worked on a farm.
1
�BG: Was your father a farmer also?
JO: No, he was a carpenter.
BG: Oh, was he?
JO: Yes, he was a carpenter. I had part of his old tools until the ‘41 flood and I loved them. I had
his toolbox and tools sitting out on the porch and it washed a part of the kitchen away and all
his old tools away.
BG: Boy! I hear the flood back then, was it in 1940 or was it ’41?
JO: I believe it was ’41, but I’m not sure.
BG: I’ve talked to several people who lived out in the Foscoe area and they told me that the
flood really hit hard out there.
JO: Oh, it was hard here. I can remember a hard one in 1901. But I can’t remember much about
it because I was too young.
BG: Did the flood of ’40 or ’41, did that affect many of the farmers around here? Did they have
a real hard year that year?
JO: Yes, it washed a lot of their stuff away.
BG: Did anybody have any crops to sell or did they just barely have enough to feed their family?
JO: I don’t know of anybody that had anything to sell. Don’t remember anyone. But I do know,
remember it was stronger across the way. I had a good garden up there and it came and
washed the land away and just left a rock bar.
BG: How did your family decide how much of each crop they should plant each year?
JO: Well, I don’t know really, they just decided about what they could really take care of. Back
then people used horses you know, and plowed the ground with a horse. Some tried to plow
with one horse, some of them with two. And they mostly tended their crop with a hoe. Back
when I was a small boy.
BG: I bet you worked in the fields a lot, since your family was smaller than a lot of the other
families at that time.
JO: I didn’t understand just what…
BG: No, I’m just saying that you probably had to do a lot of work, a lot of chores yourself since
2
�your family was so much smaller, is that right?
JO: Yes, yes.
BG: What were some of the other chores that you had to do?
JO: That was about the biggest thing that we did, was farm, but when I got to be old enough to
drive a team, my stepfather, he had a yoke of oxen, and he would put me out hauling for those
oxen. I’d make about $3 a day. I would give him six days and make $18 a week with that team. I
thought we were doing well.
BG: Can you describe a typical day for me when you had to go out and work the oxen? What
time would you get up in the morning?
JO: Oh, usually got up about four o’clock and got the horses fed, after that I drove the horses
and I would get feeding, get up and go to feed about four o’clock in the morning. Eating
breakfast started out in the dark and it would be dark when you got back that night.
BG: When you came home that night, would dinner be all ready for you?
JO: Oh, yes. And I can remember working at the Cranberry dome (iron ore that was mined in
nearby Cranberry). And I worked ten-hour days.
BG: How far was that to walk?
JO: It was about, something over four miles each way.
BG: Can you remember if there were ever any years when your family didn’t have enough
food?
JO: No, we always had food, except only during the 1901 flood I believe. Anyway, food got
scarce then and we didn’t have much, couldn’t get anything one time.
BG: Did your family plant their crops according to the moon?
JO: Well, to some extent they did.
BG: Can you remember any of the certain signs that were good for planting certain crops?
JO: Well, I don’t remember just exactly but a lot of times, certain things they wanted to plant
when the moon was new. And other things when it was an old moon.
3
�BG: When the Depression hit, what were you doing at this time?
JO: In ‘30?
BG: 1929, ’30 yes.
JO: I was postmaster at that time.
BG: When did you first become postmaster?
JO: I was appointed in 1914, I believe in November. I forget what day in November. My
commission is in there on the wall (in another room); you can go in there and look at it if you
want to.
BG: Great. In a little while maybe I can even take a picture of that. Well, tell me a little bit about
you, when you were postmaster. What did you do?
JO: Well, I worked about every day in the post office. But sometimes, I’d leave my wife and my
daughter, when my daughter got old enough with the post office. And I got out and worked on
a farm. And I can remember as I was always lazy about milking my cows and people teased me
and said my cows would wait for me to milk them until after dark.
BG: How many years were you postmaster?
JO: Nearly 39.
BG: 39 years, boy. And in which area? In Heaton?
JO: Heaton, yes. The old building is there yet. Do you know where J.C. Ellis’s store is?
BG: On the left as you’re going back towards Boone?
JO: Boone, yes ma’am. The old post office is right in front of his on the right hand side of the
road. It’s there yet. That old building is.
BG: Let me see, what was the political scene like at that time? How did people tend to vote?
JO: Well, just like they do now, but you know we didn’t have any radios, television like now. You
watch news right off and sometimes it would be three or four days before we would get the
news. I can remember when Woodrow Wilson was first elected. There was a friend of mine, he
was about my age and we were kind of good friends you know, and together quite a bit. And I
knew he was a strong Republican you know. Just after we heard the news that Woodrow
Wilson had been elected to his first term. I saw him coming down the road. I stuck my head out,
just waiting until he got past the door and stuck my head out around, out the door and hollered
4
�“Hurrah for Woodrow Wilson.” He turned back and looked over his should and said, “Hurrah for
a dad burn fool!” (both laugh). That really tickled me you know. I just fell back and laughed. And
then later on, after he became a man Mike changed from a strong Republican to a strong
Democrat. But he and I were always friends.
BG: Were the majority of the people Democrats at that time?
JO: No. Most of the folks in Avery County were Republicans and are yet.
BG: Was the Heaton area, was that Avery County at that time?
JO: Yes. At that time it was. But at one time it was Mitchell County, that was when I was just a
small child. Avery County was established in 1910 or 1911. I forget which.
BG: Did many people in this area have slaves at that time?
JO: Have what?
BG: Slaves.
JO: Sleighs? The children had quite a few. I can remember a mail carrier that carried the mail
from Boone to Elk Park. It gets slick and bad sometimes and he’d carry it with horses on a sled.
Jeff Billings was the mail carrier at that time. And he usually just had a small team of horses. He
would hook them to that sled and carry the mail on a sled. And then another time there was a
route from Heaton to Beech Creek. My brother-in-law, he carried the mail from Heaton to
Beech Creek. He’d tell me about snow drifts being so deep that a lot of times he’d be walking
there, he’d come to a snow drift that he would get a hold of the horse and pull him through
that drift.
BG: Boy, that’s some deep snow.
JO: The winters back then, you know, were even harder than they are now.
BG: I wonder why all of these changes are taking place like that?
JO: Well, I think the Bible is fulfilled because, you know, the Bible says that time will come that
you can’t tell winter from summer. It seems to me that its getting much lighter than they used
to be.
BG: A lot of people really believe that that’s what’s happening. Was there many “crooked
carrying-on” in the political elections?
JO: Well, it was about lit it is now, as far as I know. People…
5
�BG: Somebody was telling me that they didn’t go out and buy your vote with money. They
would go out and then take you to the polls and make you sick.
JO: Oh, I never did get drunk enough to know anything about that. I never id drink any whiskey
much. I remember getting drunk when I was a little bitty boy. My mother let me go over to my
grandfather’s to stay overnight, my sister and I. And she told us to come home the next
morning early. My grandfather he was a good religious man but he always kept a jug, an old
stone jug sitting under his bed with a little whiskey in it. And he’s take it down before breakfast
every morning so he got his whiskey and picked him up a glass. He passed it to me, I just hung
on to it and drunk until he took it from me.
So good you know and I wasn’t used to it, and so I got so sick, my sister couldn’t take me home.
It was way up in the day, about 10 or 11 o’clock until I was able to go home. I didn’t know any
better and I just kept drinking. That’s the only, well, I remember getting drunk one time after
that. I was a small boy. I wasn’t but…Sunday school teacher.
Did you hear him sing at Elk Park Sunday nights? I got a couple of other fellers and went out
one night and had a pint of whiskey. We drank that pint of whiskey and all got kind of high on it.
That was my last. Well, another time I stayed with one of my friends one night. One of them got
so drunk he couldn’t get home and so we had to stay all night. And next morning I went home
and felt so bad. And my stepfather had a big old mule and he told me he wanted to plow that
mule that day. And I thought well, could I ever make it? But I finally got the old mule and wen
over to the field and after I was there I got to work, I got hot, and I got better and worked all
day. But that was my last time I ever got the old saying is “high.”
BG: Did a lot of the people around here used get, as you say, “high?”
JO: Well, no more than it is now, I don’t think.
BG: Let’s go back to your early life on the farm a little bit. Did you and your sisters, were the
jobs – the chores, were they divided that you had to do a certain think or did you all work
together?
JO: No, my stepfather would go off and tell us to do certain tasks, give us a certain thing and we
usually always got it done. If we didn’t we were afraid we’d get a whipping.
BG: Did you and your sister alternate jobs? Like you did something one time and the next time
it had to be done and she would do it?
JO: No, we usually just did little jobs both together. Of course, she helped in the kitchen you
know, and I didn’t too much.
BG: What type farm machinery, farm equipment did you use then?
6
�JO: We just used old one horse plows and some two-horse turn plows, hillside plows you know
mostly. And then we used hoes for the rest.
BG: When modern farm machinery came out, what kind of effect did it have on the farmer?
JO: Well, on some of them, it was quite a help. But some didn’t farm enough to buy it and they
had to farm the old fashion way.
BG: Did it seem to give the farmer a lot more leisure time or did he have to spend a lot of time
taking care of his new equipment?
JO: It seemed like he worked quite a bit.
BG: Did your family ever grow any crops, any cash crops?
JO: I don’t remember it. Had many things to sell. Now, I raised beans after I got grown. I raised
them for several years. I sold them of course and then I sued to raise cabbage to sell.
BG: Would you sell your crops to big buyers or would you sell it to small buyers?
JO: Well, usually just small buyers would come around with a wagon or a truck you know. Buy
it. After I got older and raised more stuff, there was quite a lot of people hauling the stuff to
Knoxville and sold it.
BG: Did they get much better prices down there?
JO: They would get a much better price down there than they could around here.
BG: Would all the farmers get together and just make one big haul to Knoxville or would
everybody go separately and take their own?
JO: Why, they would usually have enough stuff just to take a load of their own, you know. We
used trucks. Of course we traded down around Johnson City and Elizabethton some back in the
horse and wagon days. They hauled it on a wagon.
BG: Did your neighbors help you harvest your crops?
JO: Well, some. They would, back in those days you know. They would clear a piece of land, and
they would get a certain date for a log rolling and a lot of the men in the community would
come and help pile the logs you know. And you would always fix up a good dinner for them and
have a good time. I remember I was going to a corn shucking one night after I was married,
after I was grown and was shucking corn and somebody hit me in the head with an ear of corn. I
never did find out who it was. I don’t know whether they did it accidently or whether they did it
on purpose.
7
�BG: Can you remember any other stories about any particular corn shuckings when something
funny happened?
JO: Well, I remember we used to go to several but I don’t remember any specific accidents that
happened much.
BG: Did people give rewards for people who shucked the most corn or did you play games or
anything like that?
JO: Well, sometimes they would play games. They never got any rewards that I remember.
BG: It seems like families used to be closer together then, and the neighbors used to help out
more? Could you tell me a little bit about that?
JO: Well, if a person…if one certain person was building a new house you know, the neighbors
would come and help him on the building. And you don’t see any of that anymore. They always
have to do their own work. Nobody will help you free much. Of course people do yet, you know
some. But they were better to help each other seems to be, back several years ago than they
are now.
BG: Where did you go to school, around here?
JO: Well, we had a school over at Heaton. I went there until 1910. I believe it was and then I
went to Melvin one year, down at Melvin College. But I had not completed high school at that
time. And in 1911, we had a high school, the first high school that was ever in Avery County. I
believe it was 1911 or 1912, I’m not sure. And I went to high school one year at Elk Park on the
side of the hill.
BG: Can you describe it to me, what did it look like?
JO: Well, I can’t remember too much of what it looked like. But I can tell you who the principal
was. Professor Pearson was his name. But I don’t remember his given name.
BG: How did he teach, if there were so many different grades in this one classroom, how would
he teach everybody something different at the same time?
JO: Well, they just have different classes, you know. And while one class was doing one thing
then he’d be teaching another class something else.
BG: Yes. Did you used to write on slates?
JO: Yes, we used to have old slates, you know and slate pencils?
8
�BG: Penny pencils?
JO: No, I don’t know if they were. I don’t know what they called them, they didn’t have any
wood on them, you know they were jut a little pencil you marked with on the slates.
BG: They didn’t have any wood on the pencil, it was just like lead?
JO: They were chalk you know, they used a blackboard and used chalk a lot. Can you remember
seeing chalk?
BG: Chalk?
JO: Chalk? To write with.
BG: White chalk, yes, we used that.
JO: Well, we used that a lot back in my days, when I was going to school.
BG: What type of classes did you learn when you were in school? What subjects?
JO: I studied arithmetic and algebra, history and geography, and I don’t remember what else.
BG: What type of games did you and your friends used to play at your recess time?
JO: Oh, we played ball. They hit the ball and then they would run and if they got across before
they go to the based, why they were out. Somebody else took their place. And then we had
another one called “Bull Pen.” I know my uncle, he was a preacher, but he came to the school
house and played Bull Pen with us. But I don’t remember too much about how we played it.
BG: Did you used to make your own balls?
JO: Oh yes, made it out of cotton thread.
BG: Did you wrap leather around the balls, is that what you used to do? Somebody was telling
me they would take their mother’s old shoes that were all worn out and wrap leather around
the balls to make them last longer?
JO: Well, I think they did that some, but usually back when I was going to school they just were
thread ball. Just used cotton thread and rolled them.
BG: Was it hard to make one?
JO: No, no.
9
�BG: Did the girls play these games with you or…
JO: Sometimes they would play ball some. I remember they used to have a game they would
call “Dare Base,” they played that quite a bit.
BG: Did a lot of the town people around here used to meet at one certain store in town and sit
around and tell folktales and things like that?
JO: I remember up there in Heaton, they used to do that and called it “Rover’s Story.” A little bit
you know around there, some people called it “Rover’s Story.”
BG: That’s a good name for it I guess. Were any of your neighbors or your family, were any of
you all involved in playing banjos and making music?
JO: No. None of my family did it. I had an uncle named James Heaton, he was a merchant,
wholesale and retail merchant there in Heaton and he enjoyed singing mighty well. He usually
always had singing for about two or three times a week. About once a week in the middle of
the week and then on Sunday and Saturday. And he preached quite a bit.
BG: Did you feel it was, or did the people feel that it was important to be real active in the
community?
JO: Be active?
BG: Active, yes.
JO: Well, I guess it was about then like it is now. People are about the same.
BG: It seems like it would, the more active you were, the more it would help your political
career and everything like that.
JO: I can remember Eddie Ray’s brother, and he lived up there at Heaton. After they put in a
Trailways bus, he would see that bus come in and say “Yonder, here comes the big bus.” That
was Homer, Homer, Jr. Eddie Ray’s brother.
BG: Does he live around, does he live…where now?
JO: I don’t know where he’s at now. He must be in California. He’s still in the service.
BG: Can you tell me the different between the things you did in the summertime compared to
the wintertime? Was the summer a lot easier, even though you had all your farming to do or
was it easier to fight off the cold in the wintertime?
JO: Well, of course we didn’t have so much work to do, you know. Everybody burned wood
10
�mostly then. And had to get out and cut a lot of wood when it was cold and bad to get it in. I
remember that we always had a fireplace and we would, if there was a fire, we would get a
buckeye and cut it for back sticks. That was a stick to burn in the back and the other wood such
as hickory and sugar tree and maybe oak and so on, for to burn in front of that back stick. That
old back stick would be green buckeye and it would burn, last a long time.
BG: Burn a lot slower.
JO: Yes.
BG: Can you tell me something about the houses back then?
JO: Well, there were not many people that had very good houses. Just two or three roomed
houses about what they mostly had. Some of them only had one room. And you never saw any
carpets on the floor very often.
BG: Really? I thought that a lot of the ladies used to weave their own carpet?
JO: I never knew of anybody weaving any carpet but, I can remember the spinning wheels. They
used to take wood and make yarn out of it. And use yarn for whatever they wanted to make
like socks and so on.
BG: A lot of the people raised their own sheep then?
JO: Oh yes, there was quite a few sheep then but there are not that many now.
BG: I don’t know, why do people not raise sheep anymore around here?
JO: Well, dogs go so bad until I had to sell. I’ve raised sheep I guess, for 30 years. And gos got so
bad, they killed the sheep, so I had to sell mine. Sold them two years, two or three years ago. I
haven’t raised any in about three years.
BG: Can you remember what the attitude of the people was when the first cars came to the
area?
JO: Yes, I can remember that people, they thought it was something great you know. And I can
remember the first one I ever rode in. One of my friends that lived in Banner Elk bought one of
the first cars that was around. I’d been somewhere walking and he picked me up between
Heaton and Elk Park and gave me a ride and that’s something I can remember the first time I
ever drove one too. Back then you didn’t have to have any license, you just bought your car and
went ahead and used it. It was like with horses you know. But that didn’t last too long until you
had to have a tag for each car.
11
�BG: How fast would those first cars go?
JO: About 20 miles per hour. That was a pretty good speed.
BG: Well, how did most people feel towards the car? Did they welcome it?
JO: I think so. I think most of them appreciated them.
BG: Can you think of any specific changes that started coming into use?
JO: Well, I don’t know of anything special that happened. Of course people began to buy you
know quick as they, people didn’t have money then that they have got now. And they would
buy a car when they got able.
BG: What about the railroads? Can you remember the first railroads?
JO: Yes. I can remember a little narrow gauge that came from Johnson City to Boone. And I
don’t remember, I believe it was the 1940 flood that washed away so much of it between
Cranberry to Johnson City until about oh, I don’t know. Its been discontinued I guess about 20
years. They called it E.T. & W.N.C, the East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad, but
most people called it the “Arbuckle.”
BG: what was the train ride like? Was it hot and smoky and anything like that?
JO: No, no, it was a mighty good one. People you know riding the train. Sometimes they would
have a special trip. I can remember going to Boone one time on a special trip. Just for the trip
you know, no business. Just for the trip.
BG: Did you take many trips that weren’t for business very often or did you usually go places for
business purpose only?
JO: Mostly for business purposes.
BG: Can you tell me the difference in a weekday compared to a weekend?
JO: I have to understand just what you mean by that.
BG: Well, did you do farm work on the weekends the same as on the weekday?
JO: Oh, yes. People used to work six days a week. Now they only work five. They used to work
ten hours a day and now they only work eight.
BG: Did everybody in the community go to church on Sunday?
12
�JO: No. But people went to church very little back then in those days. Of course, there were not
near as many people as they are now you know. There just were not that many people like
there are now. But they attended church very little back then. Like they do now, about the
same amount.
BG: Were the church services different then compared to how they are now?
JO: Well, not too much. Preacher usually preached the Bible you know, couldn’t be much
difference.
BG: Some people have told me that…what was I going to say? Oh well. What were funerals like?
JO: Well, they were different when somebody died in the community. Somebody made a coffin,
they didn’t go to a store and buy it. There wasn’t any place to buy it. Somebody would make it.
They would be buried in a homemade coffin. Now they wouldn’t know what a homemade
coffin was I don’t guess.
BG: I don’t guess so.
JO: I used to remember this fellow named John Harmon back in the Beech Mountain section
that made coffins. He usually kept a few made ahead, you know, for people. But a lot of times
they would make your coffin after they died.
BG: Were the graveyards scattered throughout the area or did people like to be buried on their
own land?
JO: Well, some often wanted to be buried on their own land but now the graveyards in Heaton,
I can remember the first one that was buried there. And it’s a pretty big cemetery now. But
there are a lot of differences you know, in funerals in those days and today. People just had to
take them to church in a wagon, with a horse and a wagon. I can remember when my mother
died. They took her to church in a wagon. That was back, I guess in the ‘30s or ‘40s.
BG: Were there not any laws about where you could bury people and where you couldn’t bury
people?
JO: They used to have cemeteries around certain places in the community, you know, they
would all have a name. Now line the one up there at Heaton, one named the Heaton Graveyard
and there’s another one across on the other side of the river called Smith Graveyard, and
another one back over on the mountains a little further called (inaudible) Graveyard. You see
people mostly named them after people that were first buried there. They would start their
own graveyard, you know.
BG: So they were not really like church graveyards then?
JO: No.
13
�BG: Did they have a service at the…like a graveside service or did they hold the service at the
church?
JO: They had both. They would have a funeral at the church and then the preacher usually
talked some at the graveyard.
BG: Was your family involved in any crafts in any way?
JO: Not that I remember.
BG: The crafts that people speak of today were really just your livelihood in a way. Its how you
kept going you know, making your own clothes and spinning and weaving and all that.
JO: People used to make about all their clothing you know. I can remember a fellow down at
Shell Creek whose name was, he was a Miller and his wife had knit a pair of socks. He said, “I’ll
give you a quarter for the pair of socks,” Yes, I guess you would like to cheat your wife out of a
few cents. I can take them down to Woodrow’s store and get 25 cents for them. Now, I don’t
know whether that’s true or not, but they told it to an old gentleman.
BG: The mother used to knot all the socks for her family?
JO: Oh, yes.
BG: How many pair of socks would you have?
JO: Oh, two or three I guess. Didn’t have many. Just enough for a change you know. Of course
some would have more than others.
BG: How many pairs of pants would you have? Just those that you worked in everyday and then
another pair for Sunday?
JO: Yes. I can remember when I was just a boy. Usually a boy wore knee pants and he was
sporting a pair of pants and a little shirt. One Sunday a couple of boys would come to spend the
Sunday with me and we went swimming just a little ways over the hill on what they called
“Gator Branch.”
I noticed that one of the boys he was in a little hurry to get his shirt and pants on before I had
mine. I took out up the road after him, he was about a quarter mile ahead. He got ready and
just threw my pants way off above the road on an old brush pile. I had to crawl in that brush
and get my pants.
BG: Did you get him back?
JO: Oh, I threw rocks at him all the way back.
14
�BG: Can you think of some more old stories of experiences that you had that would be
interesting to us?
JO: Well, I don’t know of anything that would be very interesting. Of course, you know it
wouldn’t be interesting to me anyway. After I got to be older why I had the experience of going
to Georgia quite a lot. I bought a farm down there, between Greensboro and Madison. I bout a
326 and ¾ acre farm down there for $3,300 I believe it was. I kept it from 1927 until about 16
year I think it was. I would go down there every three or four times a year. We kept renters
there, kept cattle down there.
I would buy cattle down there and bring them back here and sell them. And I had quite an
experience going to Georgia and back.
BG: You own quite a bit of land today don’t you still?
JO: Well, they have my tax at about 471 acres. And than a couple of lots at Heaton.
BG: What were land taxes like back when you first started buying land?
JO: Oh, they were cheap then. Land was cheap too.
BG: How much did you pay for most of the land that you own now?
JO: Now, this house, you see what it is. About 30 acres, maybe about 33 acres of land was the
first I ever bought here on Elk River. I bought it for 1,800 dollars.
BG: 30 acres for 1,800 dollars?
JO: And then I bought another 100 acres gross on the other side of the mountain called Fall
Creek. I got it at a sale. A man owed them 2,000 dollars for the mortgage to somebody else and
he didn’t pay for it, they put it up for a public sale and I got those 100 acres of land for 500
dollars. When UI went to the sale there wasn’t anybody there and I thought that would bid
against me. His name was Ed Lewis, and when the man brought the sale up he said not to start
for less than 500 dollars. He turned around to Mr. Lewis and said “What will you give me for
it?” I said, “Oh, I reckon I’ll give you 500 dollars.” So I got 100 acres of land for 500 dollars, he
had been asking 2,000 dollars for it. “The buck stops here.”
BG: The land down here where the Elk Falls are?
JO: No, I own some land below the falls.
BG: You don’t?
JO: No, that belongs to the government.
15
�BG: I went swimming down there. It was so cold, I did it and every muscle in my body froze up.
Did you go down to the big one? Did you go down to that?
JO: Yes. My next-door neighbor went down there and he jumped off the top. That is what
about 65 feet isn’t it?
BG: I’ve seen people jump off. Not me!
JO: I wouldn’t want to do that!
BG: Didn’t you tell me about the mailman who used to ride ½ down the falls and jump the rest
of the way? What’s the story about the mailman?
JO: I don’t remember, but I do remember a mailman who was carrying mail to Beech Creek and
one day he came to eat, got his mail, then started back to Beech Creek and the water was up
pretty high. It had been raining hard. Along by night he came back with a wet mail bag. He said
the creek was so high it swept it away and he found it down the creek. So I took the mail u of
that bad, fried it, and delivered it. Every piece of it, then sent the bag back.
BG: Well, what happened to the mailman?
JO: He didn’t get hurt, he went on. I’ve got a piece that was written about him, rowing the
branch. I’ve got it, I’ll let you read id you would like to.
BG: Let’s talk some more now.
JO: He never would ride a horse. He walked. He would just about run downhill. But he walked
fast the entire time. He just had one hand, lost one hand back in his young days.
BG: Can you give me a comparison of your feelings of life compared to today to when you were
growing up?
JO: Well, I don’t think it was any better. Of course there were not so many people back then
and it seemed that things were not as hurried when I was young.
BG: Do you think having a small community school was better than having the larger schools in
big areas now?
JO: I think you can have better schools by having them small, but it seems like now such as
Avery County. At one time they had three schools, and now they have one. People have to
come from Beech Creek and Plum to Newland for school. That’s awful far for them to travel to
high school. But still people think it’s better; I guess they think it is because they still continue
them all in one.
16
�BG: Would you say that life is easier now or harder?
JO: Well, people don’t work as hard as they used to back then. But it seemed that people were
stronger then and could enjoy it better. You know the Bible speaks of a generation that will get
weaker and modern. It seemed to be that its getting that way, don’t you?
Of course you know people are a lot wiser than they used to be, because they didn’t know how
to make automobiles and airplanes, and like that.
End of interview
17
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region.
The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students.
Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU.
An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school.
This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965-1989
Sound
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Artist
Shell, J.O. (interviewee)
Greenberg, Barbara (interviewer)
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
01:13, Election of Woodrow Wilson, 01:28, Heaton Postmaster
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with James Oliver (J.O. Shell), July 23, 1974
Subject
The topic of the resource
Shell, James (1891-)--Interviews
Farm life--North Carolina--Avery County--History--20th century
Avery County (N.C.)--History--20th century
Avery County (N.C)--Social life and customs--20th century
Description
An account of the resource
James Oliver Shell was born on January 26, 1891 in Shell Creek, Tennessee where his grandfather owned a farm and worked as a carpenter. His father died when he was two months old, so his mother reared the children living with her father. Mr. Shell had one sister, a half-‐sister, and four half-‐brothers. As a young man James O. Shell moved to the Heaton community of Avery County North Carolina and was a farmer and served as the postmaster in Heaton from 1914 to about 1953. He died on July 4, 1980 at the age of 88.
During the interview James O. Shell reflects on working his farm, local politics, and playing baseball as a youth. He discusses log rollings, corn shuckings, and the how neighbors helped each out. Some other topics he discusses are Tweetsie Railroad, homemade coffins, local cemeteries and playing baseball.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Shell, James Oliver
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
23-Jul-74
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited.
Format
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MP3
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
17 pages
Language
A language of the resource
English
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Sound
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
<kml xmlns="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0"><Folder><name>OpenLayers export</name><description>Exported on Thu Oct 24 2013 14:04:46 GMT-0400 (Eastern Standard Time)</description></Folder></kml>||||osm
Shell Creek (T.N.)
Avery County (N.C.)
Avery County
cemetery
coffins
corn shucking
Education
Elk Park
ET & WNC railroad
farming
Heaton
local politics
postmaster
railroad
rural mail delivery
Tennessee
Tweetsie Railroad
-
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/97152d942f5a0d9f9963f14014b0343d.mp3
609256f96d7501078431a09bdec71d14
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/cb26a23146691a2df3890fb004e59b8c.pdf
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PDF Text
Text
Oral History Transcript
Appalachian State University • Collection 111, Tape 19
Interviewee: Mr. and Mrs. Arlie Moretz
Interviewer: Karen Weaver
5 February 1973
KW: Karen Weaver
AM: Arlie Moretz
MM: Mrs. Moretz
KW: This is an interview with Mr. and Mrs. Arlie Moretz for the Appalachian State University
Oral History Project by Karen Weaver at Boone on February 5, 1973. First of all we’d like to hear
a little bit about your family life, when you were growing up as children.
Where were you born?
MM: I was born over here at Silverstone. It’s in Watauga County.
KW: How many children were in your family?
MM: Eight.
KW: What about you Mr. Moretz, how many were in your family?
AM: Ten, nine grew to maturity. The first one died in infancy. I was born near the Tater Hill Lake
on the Meat Camp side. Granddaddy entered the land on which I was born; nobody had lived
there except the wild creatures until daddy moved in there and cleared an area. Five of the
children were born there. We walked three miles to school each day. I started at five and hiked
six miles away round-trip. We went on the Meat Camp side now, not back near the Tater Hill
Lake area, but in the other direction east of the Tater Hill. Very, very rugged mountainous
terrain and we were poor, very poor.
I can remember going with mother to gather roots and herbs so that we might have clothes and
most of all (our clothes) were made with needle and thread, she didn’t have a sewing machine,
mostly homemade clothes. Little tiny shirts and pants she ordered from a place called Proximity
Mercantile Company in Greensboro. I didn’t know where Greensboro was in those days.
KW: Did you grow most of your food and have a farm?
AM: Yes, it was country. We grew our food practically all of it, everything.
MM: We raised our own corn and beans and potatoes, and we raised some sheep and cattle
1
�and had horses, mules, and hogs – had our own meat. We walked to school about a mile.
AM: Daddy was known for his hogs, he grew an enormous lot of tem, everybody in the country
came to dad to but hogs. Not only did we have meat, we had cane “lasses.” Now, I didn’t say
molasses, I said “lasses,” and we grew fields of buckwheat and we had to have pancakes made
with the buckwheat.
I remember how we cut it with a cradle, that’s a scythe sort of machine; we thrashed it with a
flail. I called it a frail, and I remember how daddy made those things with a hickory spout, about
as big around as your arm and beat it with a pole axe, the back of it, until it was limber. Wailed
the daylight out of it that the grain and separate it from the straw and we didn’t have the
windmill with which to clear out the trash and chaff, we borrowed one.
We would take it home on a little sled or wagon and use it to clean up the grain. We not only
used the buckwheat for pancakes, but it was ground and given to animals to eat too. We called
it “chop,” it was ground grain.
KW: What about your schooling, how much did you and your parents have?
AM: Granddaddy was a highly educated man, he was a minister. Great grandfather came to the
county, one of the first to move into the county and he was married twice and had 25 children.
I know where he is buried, I helped select it. Myrtle and I together helped pick a gravestone and
helped do the inscription on it. It’s near my original home in Green Valley on the Meat Camp.
KW: What was his name?
AM: His name was Jonathan Moretz. My grandfather was one of his children. He was a welleducated man, but daddy wasn’t. I think he went about to the third grade. I’ve heard him say.
Mother was something like a seventh grader. And I don’t know how much education you would
say I had. I haven’t done anything for the last 60 years except schoolwork. That’s quite a little
while to spend isn’t it? I have a couple of degrees, a B.S. (Bachelor of Science) and a M.A.
(Master of Arts), both from ASU (Appalachian State University). And I’m a minister and a
schoolteacher with 39 years of experience under my belt.
KW: What do you think about the way schools have changed from the way when you went?
AM: Well, when I been to go to school, we had two to three, maybe four teacher schools where
I went and I’ve taught in the same place for three years. And I’ve always taught in a one-teacher
school for three years and we’re back to the one-teacher school concept now. The team
teaching, individualized instruction, is practically the same thing that we had in those days in
the one-teacher school.
It’s the one-to-one “teacher-pupil” relationship. Frankly, I think we’re deteriorating some. I
don’t think the concept is worth a “blanket-blank!” I can’t say the word because I am a minister.
2
�I don’t like teamwork. If the thing that we have done prior to this was good enough to develop
the best technology on the face of the earth, and good enough to put a man on the moon and
bring him back safely, I can’t see throwing it away.
KW: When you were little, what did you hear about elections and politics?
AM: Well, in those days we weren’t told much about why we held elections and in the schools…
there was very little said about why we were voting. Frankly, I don’t think that we knew what it
was all about in those days. I honestly can’t remember before the seventh or eighth (grade),
know much about why an election was held. We may have learned a little bit in a casual sort of
way, but I can’t remember anything.
KW: What kind of transportation did you have when you were growing up?
AM: The horse and the wagon. We rode horseback to church or in the wagon or we walked.
Walking was the biggest thing. There were no automobiles when we were little.
KW: Do you remember when you saw your first automobile?
AM: Yes.
KW: Do you remember what year it was?
AM: No, I don’t. It was somewhere in the area of 1918, near the terminal point of World War
One. I don’t remember seeing one before 1918.
KW: What did you think about it?
AM: We were fascinated by it. We hitched a ride on it if we got a chance. And the first airplane
was just as fascinating.
KW: Could you tell us some of the things about the “Potters” and the other bad men?
AM: Booney Potter was one of the meaner ones and John O..J. was pretty bad to get drunk. I
knew him personally. He told me one time that he was so drunk that he passed out and they
thought that he was dead. They laid him out on a cooling board and dug his grave. He said that
they had made his casket and put him in it. When he came to, he sat up and asked them what
was going on, to those who were there, if it was some kind of joke. The people gathered told
him that he would have been buried in another few hours, buried alive!
John O..J. told me that he hadn’t been drunk any since then. I can remember him sending me to
preach in his truck down in Bulldog, Tennessee. Quite an interesting deal, his grandson took me
and we spent the night and the only time I ever caught the itch in my life was sleeping with him.
3
�KW: Do you remember any of the stories about the people killing each other?
AM: I can tell you about an actual murder that occurred over there in Pottertown. I could tell
you two. Let me tell you the one. Brown was his last name. I shouldn’t put the first name of the
“Brown” in the story because I think he’s still living. He wanted to borrow his cousin’s truck to
buy some more “white lightening” as they say. His cousin wouldn’t let him have his keys to the
truck. They quarreled a little bit about it. The incident culminated in the death of one of the
boys, the first cousin to the one who killed him.
I was in the church preaching when that happened. The other incident involved a merchant
whose last name was “Ellison.” He had operated a sawmill, a country, store and post office. He
was practically an illiterate man, but he had a great deal of business acumen. Everything that he
touched like King Midas “turned to gold.”
I remember he went into a business transaction with a fellow named “Smith,” to manufacture
little pins for the insulators of the telephone wire to be wound around, little pins about six or
eight inches long. Mr. Smith didn’t live up to his end of the bargain and Mr. Ellison ran an
attachment on some of the pins, some sort of legal transaction so that the workmen could be
paid and Smith hopped onto Mr. Ellison with a knife and was about to whack him a little bit and
Ellison shot and killed him.
He came on to Boone himself and told the sheriff that he’s killed a man and he sent for me to
come to the jail and talk to him about it. Later in the flood of 1940, he died and I went to do his
funeral, had to wade the water up to Meat Camp Creek and across to Pottertown where he
lived. I helped put him away.
KW: You mentioned the flood, what can you tell us about that?
AM: It was rather terrible. There were several people killed down in the Stony Fork area. I did a
double funeral of two who were drowned in it up in the Howard’s Creek country on the rich
mountains near the Tater Hill Lake.
4
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region.
The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students.
Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU.
An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school.
This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information.
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Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989
Date
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1965-1989
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Artist
Mortez, Arlie (interviewee)
Weaver, Karen (interviewer)
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01:13, Drunk man almost burined alive
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Title
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Interview with Alie Mortez, February 5, 1973
Description
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Arlie Earl Moretz was born on June 30, 1908 to Sion Gideon Moretz (b. January 16, 1880 d. October 29, 1950) and Virginia Dare Stanberry (b. March 16, 1883 d. February 2, 1970). He married Alice Myers Moretz (b. May 12, 1912 d. January 25, 1965) who was born in Crossville, Tennessee to the parents of Thomas Myers and Olive Dougherty. His great grandfather was one of the first settlers in Watauga County, having married twice he had 25 children. The Arlie Moretz family lived in the Meat Camp area of Watauga County. Arlie Moretz died on September 7, 1997 at the age of 89.
Mr. Moretz earned B.S. and M.A. degrees from Appalachian State, and professionally was both a minister and schoolteacher with 39 years of experience. During the interview he reflects on how education has changed from the time when he was a youth through his career as an educator, talks about attending and teaching in a one-room schoolhouse, personal reflection on education, and local politics.
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Moretz, Alie
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<a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a>
Date
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5-Feb-73
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Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited.
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MP3
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4 pages
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English
English
Type
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Sound
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Watauga County (N.C.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Moretz, Arlie Earl--Interviews
Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County--Interviews
Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County--Interviews
Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century
Appalachian State University
car
Depression
Education
herbs and roots
Meat Camp
moonshine
New Deal
Pottertown
Tennessee
Wake Forest
Watauga County N.C.
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https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/936e6f52f780827e40452b70eb72a431.mp3
5ccd3d80a8ccf0bddb7a634f21bb9a34
https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/bedd31c9c73c23cdd89582e7759e5255.pdf
a5c32ef7cf88a6112dc82dc1ac669f07
PDF Text
Text
Oral History Transcript
Appalachian State University • Collection 111, Tape 92
Interviewee: Viola Greer
Interviewer: Karen Ward
16 June 1973
KW: Karen Ward
VG: Viola Greer
This is an interview with Viola Greer by Karen Ward for the Appalachian Oral History Project on
June 14 at Mrs. Greer’s house.
KW: Mama Greer, where were you born?
VG: In Tennessee.
KW: Where?
VG: Crandall, Tennessee.
KW: When did you move to Watauga County?
VG: I didn’t move here until after I was married and my first baby was about…oh, I guess two
years old.
KW: Do you know how long you have lived in Watauga County?
VG: I’ve lived in Watauga County ever since I moved here, then I moved away several different
times and lived other places for a while. I went to west to Montana and lived there for one spell
and then we lived down in Ashe (County) one time, and then we went down to Zach’s Fork near
Lenoir for a few months one time. And all of my children were born here.
KW: In this house?
VG: All but two. Two were born down at mama’s, down the road a little piece. The first that I
went to school was in Ashe County over at Pine Swamp. Then we moved from there to the
Fleetwood School and that’s all the school that I went to.
KW: What year were you born in?
VG: 1906.
1
�KW: So that makes you how old?
VG: I was 66 in March.
KW: What were your parent’s names?
VG: Arthur and Martha Nichols.
KW: Where were they born?
VG: In Wilkes County.
KW: Both of them?
VG: Yes, but they moved to Tennessee. Both families (had moved from Wilkes County to
Tennessee) but they didn’t meet until after they moved out there and then got married. The
first four children were born there (Tennessee), two were born in Wilkes County and three in
Ashe County.
KW: So you had nine in your family?
VG: Nine children.
KW: Can you tell me all of their names?
VG: Yes. The oldest was Monroe, then me, then Chow, then Emma, Hattie, Ethel, Florence,
Minnie, and A.F., Jr.
KW: What was your father’s job?
VG: He was a sawmill man and lumbered you know. He bought timber and sawed it, that type
of work.
KW: You told me where you went to school. How long did you go to school?
VG: Well, I didn’t go very much. I just went off and on.
KW: About how many years all together do you guess you went?
VG: Oh, I don’t know. I only went about four or five years. I would go some each year and that’s
all.
KW: How many months out of the year was school going on?
2
�VG: Six months.
KW: Six? Did all of your brothers and sisters go to school?
VG: Yes, they all went some. The last ones, well I don’t know. I reckon they finished high school,
but the first ones…we had to stay home and work and they didn’t have a law to make you go to
school and with that big a family we had to work. We farmed and dad had the sawmill too.
KW: Did your family have a big farm or garden?
VG: Oh, yes.
KW: What kind of crops did you all raise?
VG: Oh, corn, potatoes, and beans and just everything.
KW: Did you sell it or just use it (the crops) for yourself?
VG: No, we ate it. The twelve of us ate it.
KW: What were the teachers like in your school?
VG: Well, at that time there was only one teacher. One-room schoolhouses and one teacher.
KW: Were they strict on you?
VG: Yes, it was different to what it is now. You really had to learn and had to get your lessons or
you would be punished. Either whipped or either kept in during all the play periods and dinner
hour you know. Back then every morning we had chapel, you know. The teacher always read
the Bible and then we had prayer and we would sing a couple of hymns, every morning before
we started.
KW: They don’t do that in schools now.
VG: I know and the teachers, they were good and they loved to teach the children religion.
KW: What kind of subjects did you learn?
VG: We had arithmetic, history, geography, and spelling.
KW: You had the same type of subjects that we had.
VG: Yes, we didn’t have science like they do now.
3
�KW: Do you think the schools have changed quite a bit?
VG: Oh, yes.
KW: How?
VG: Well, I don’t think they are as strict as they used to be when I went to school. The children
were quiet. They were really quiet. We just played ball or something during our play periods. Of
course there were not a lot of children in one little school, maybe twenty or something like
that.
KW: Is that all?
VG: Yes, because there was a little school in every community you know. Children in each
community went to that school.
KW: Did you ever work anywhere besides just your house?
VG: No.
KW: Just worked in the garden and at your house? What different types of churches were in
your community when you were growing up and at the different places where you lived?
VG: Well, as far as I can remember, I have always gone to the Baptist church. I’ve gone to the
Methodist church only when they were having a revival. When I was young we used to walk up
to Mill Creek when we lived in Ashe (County) when they were having a revival. Some of the
people that lived around us were from there. Their parents would go. We would either walk or
somebody would take a wagon with horses and we would fill the wagon full with everybody.
KW: What church did most people go to?
VG: Well, in all the communities that I lived in, people went to the Baptist church.
KW: Do you think that religion has played an important part in your life?
VG: Oh, yes. Sure do.
KW: How do you think it has?
VG: Well, I wouldn’t know how to explain it. I wouldn’t know what to do if I wasn’t Christian
and didn’t go to church and did all these things. I’ve gone to church all my life, expect for the
period when I was raising my children…I didn’t go very much at that time. But since then, when
I have had a chance, I attended church. I have always gone to the Baptist church everywhere
that I’ve lived. The community church was Baptist.
4
�KW: Do you think that the churches that you used to attend have changed with the churches
you go to know?
VG: Yes.
KW: Are they better or different or what?
VG: Well, I think that they might be. They are not as strict as they used to be. I can remember if
a church member did something….for instance, if a girl had a child, they (the members) would
turn her out of the church if she didn’t come and repent. Yes, they used to do that to people
years ago; they would turn them out if they didn’t come back and repent. Now, they don’t
seem to pay any mind to anything that happens.
KW: What kind of sermons did the preachers preach back then?
VG: Oh, I couldn’t tell you. There were ‘old timey’ preachers who didn’t go to the seminary. Just
old country preachers that would preach for hours until you would just about lose your mind.
You would be starved to death and you couldn’t stand it. And they sang a lot.
KW: Did you have a piano or any type of music back then?
VG: No.
KW: Just sang without music?
VG: Some churches had organs, but not very many. We just had somebody…who used what
they called a ‘tuning fork.’ Do you know?
KW: Yes.
VG: Some of the churches had them (tuning fork) and some didn’t.
KW: What about the church that you went to most of the time. What did it have?
VG: Nothing.
KW: You just got there and sang?
VG: Yes. We would have ‘singing schools’ and then the singing leaders would always have a
tuning form. But otherwise we always just had a leader, somebody to lead and we just sang.
KW: Well, it sounds like fun.
5
�VG: It was fun. I just loved the old songs but I can’t remember half of them. I can remember a
few. I can remember the preachers preaching so long, most of them did.
KW: Did you ever have any dinners after church on the grounds like they do now?
VG: No. Sometimes, I guess it was ‘homecoming.’ We would have a big dinner.
KW: But you didn’t do it like we do now?
VG: No. Back then we had associations and we always had a lot of good food then.
KW: Can you remember anything about politics when you were growing up?
VG: No, I never paid any mind to politics. In fact, I just didn’t hear much about it. I can
remember when (President) Wilson was elected. That’s the first election that women could
vote. I remember, I was married then. I remember my mother going (to vote) and she didn’t
want to. I was married, but I wasn’t old enough to vote.
KW: How old did they (women) have to be to vote?
VG: Twenty-one.
KW: Twenty-one back then?
VG: Yes.
KW: Well, can you remember how people would tend to vote…Republican or Democrat?
VG: I can’t remember it a bit. Women didn’t talk politics, and you know men…they just went
and voted and back then you didn’t hear anything about it. Now they just really carry on, but
really I can’t (remember). That’s the only election (President Woodrow Wilson) that I ever paid
attention to.
Now, dad didn’t talk politics but he was a Republican and my mother’s people were Democrats.
But she always voted Republican after she started voting and all the children…
KW: Republicans?
VG: Not Ethel Clawson. She married a Democrat and the first time that she ever voted after she
was married was when Eisenhower was elected. But all the rest, like my sister Hattie…she
married a Democrat but they never voted. She’s never voted since she’s been married. She
voted one time before she was married and her husband didn’t vote, so she didn’t vote.
6
�KW: Do you know why?
VG: No. Well, she wouldn’t have voted for a Democratic ticket I guess. Maybe she just wasn’t
interested enough to care whether he (her husband) voted or not. But he never did vote, nor
has she ever voted since she’s been married. I doubt she voted in this last election. I don’t
know.
KW: How did people get around for transportation when you were growing up?
VG: They walked and rode in wagons.
KW: Covered wagons?
VG: Some covered and some just bare. Everybody had a team of mules or horses and had a
wagon. When they went somewhere that was too far to walk, they rode a wagon.
KW: Did you walk a lot?
VG: Yes. I’d rather walk than ride the wagons. We walked everywhere we went, unless it was
too far to walk.
KW: How far was ‘too far’ to walk?
VG: Well, when we went down to Wilkes to visit some of dad’s people.
KW: I agree that was a little far.
VG: My mother used to walk from Tennessee to Wilkes (County0. Yes, before she was married
she walked it once a year. She would go back and visit some of her brothers and sisters.
KW: How long did it take her?
VG: Two days I think. They just spent one night…you know back then, whenever it began to get
real late they would stop at somebody’s house and ask if they could spend the night and they
(the house where they stopped) always took them in. Back then people just took-in anybody.
KW: You couldn’t do that today, could you?
VG: No, no.
KW: Can you remember when you saw your first car?
VG: Yes, that was when I was a little girl. I lived in Wilkes (County) and I can’t remember the
man’s name, but they had this T-Model (Ford) and we lived right down the road…a dirt road. I
7
�would see him go back and forth and everybody would just run to see that car.
But in Ashe County when I was just a little girl, the first car I saw there my daddy bought it. A
Buick Touring Car. We would ride the old dirt road you know…and then come to this steep
rocky bank. You would get out and push the car over this bank, ride some more until you came
to another steep area and then push it again.
KW: Can you remember how much cars cost back then?
VG: No.
KW: Not hardly as expensive as they are now.
VG: Lord no. But I don’t remember (the cost). I probably didn’t even know what dad paid for
the one he got. Then my brother when he got grownup, he bought a T-Model.
KW: What did you think when you first saw the car?
VG: Oh, I was scared of it. The first one that I saw, I was scared of it. The car made a lot of
racket and noise and I was really scared of it. I didn’t see how people could get along without a
horse or a mule or something to pull a wagon.
KW: In previous years, did you ever make soap or quilts, or weave?
VG: Oh, I’ve quilted all my life. No, I never weaved.
KW: What about making soap? Did you make soap?
VG: Well, the kind that my mother made was called ‘coal soap.’ People would have a lot of
grease and then they would add lye. I never did make any myself and I can’t remember how
much lye was used. But mama would make soap and she called it ‘coal soap.’ It was white, just
as white and she would cut it up into bars.
I have seen the old soap that people used to make. They would save all the old meat skins and
meat scraps and everything and boil them. I’ve heard mama tell that they made their own lye
out of ashes to eat up the old meat scraps and then it would be yellow and soft.
You just get a handful and put on your clothes and scrubbed them on the board and put a
whole lot in the big old wash pot and boil the clothes. Keep jabbing the clothes with the stick, a
paddle or something…you scrubbed the clothes on the washboard.
KW: You used washboards?
VG: Yes.
8
�KW: How long did it take to wash all your clothes doing that?
VG: Oh, all day. But there were so many clothes to wash for a home and my mother was so
particular. Everything had to be just so clean. You would scrub them to get all the dirt out on
the washboard and then you would put the clothes in the pot and boil them in lye or that soap.
Mama used to just cut that white soap she had made. She just cut up a whole lot of the soap in
the pot and let it dissolve. Then she put the clothes in or had the pot usually hanging on poles
over the fire and you put wood underneath and boiled the clothes.
KW: Boy, I bet it did take a long time. Well, you said that you quilted. Do you still quilt?
VG Yes.
KW: Do you enjoy doing that?
VG: I love it.
KW: Did you do this one here (pointing to a quilt)?
VG: Yes.
KW: That’s pretty. I like that.
VG: I have made quilts all my life.
KW: Really? Do you sell them or give any quilts away, or just keep them?
VG: Oh, I have given them away. But you know, people used to…they had to have lots of quilts
because they didn’t have warm houses like they have now. We just had fireplaces. You had to
have lots of quilts for every winter. Mama made quilts.
I have quilted ever since I was old enough to quilt. Ever since I have been married, I have not
made as many. Well, I’ll say that I haven’t made quilts in maybe two years. I love to make quilts
in the wintertime.
KW: Do you do it with other people? Do you get together?
VG: Sometimes.
KW: I bet that’s fun.
VG: It really is. Last winter, a year ago now, I made three and Ethel, my sister, came up and
helped me finish the last one. I haven’t made any this winter. I’ve been lazy.
9
�KW: Catch up next winter I guess.
VG: I love to piece the tops, all different designs and they are so pretty when you get them
done.
KW: They are pretty. When you were growing up can you remember any ‘outlaws’ in your
days?
VG: No.
KW: None at all? Did you ever hear of any murders or stealing?
VG: Yes, I had heard of stealing’s. I guess there were murderers, but not around here. But over
in Ashe (County) there were a bunch of children…they were about grown…but they would just
steal everything that was loose. They would steal from anybody that had a barn and a lot of
chickens. They would steal the eggs and chickens.
KW: Just for meanness?
VG: Well, I suppose that maybe they would cook the chickens and eat the eggs. I don’t know
what they did with them, but I know that bunch of children used to get our eggs and steal our
chickens. They did that everywhere.
KW: Can you remember any superstitions when you were growing up?
VG: Yes, one was not to walk under a ladder.
KW: That one still exists today.
VG: Yes. Everybody always thought that Friday the 13th was unlucky and everybody would try to
be so careful. Another one was not to cut your fingernails on Sunday.
KW: Why?
VG: I don’t know.
KW: I have never heard that one.
VG: People said that it was ‘bad luck’ to cut your fingernails on Sunday.
KW: Did you ever plant your garden by signs?
VG: Well, I didn’t know what the ‘signs’ were, but my mother always planted by the signs. This
10
�lady Mrs. Trivette that lives across the way over there in the white house…she always planted
by the signs.
KW: A lot of people do that still today.
VG: I know. My mama always said to plant cucumbers and beans when the signs were in the
‘Twins’ (the Gemini astrology sign between May 21 to June 21) because there would be a
higher yield. She would have a lot more beans and cucumbers and they would make kraut.
Well, they still do that and pickle beans. Mama always made it (sauerkraut) when the sign was, I
believe, in the ‘Head.’ And pickled beans.
KW: Well, did the Depression affect your family very much?
VG: No.
KW: Really? You always had what you wanted?
VG: Well, not what we wanted, but you had enough to get by.
KW: Were you married?
VG: Yes.
KW: How many children did you have?
VG: Two. Ages two and three. Fayne was born during the Depression.
KW: Oh, was he?
VG: We bought this home here. Bought the land and we eventually got the house built on it.
We built the house enough so we could live in it and we just kept building. But I really
didn’t….because I have always made gardens and grew all the vegetables. We used to always
keep hogs. We never did keep beef, but we always bought half of beef or something in the fall
then would ‘can’ it.
KW: That helped a lot.
VG: Sure did and we had our own pork you know. I was having a hard time, but I had one
before. I don’t know if they were any different. I still just work as hard as I can.
KW: Good for you.
VG: I love to work.
11
�KW: What was your husband’s job during the Depression?
VG: Truck driver. He owned his own truck and hauled lumber all the time.
KW: You said that you always had enough food during the Depression, right?
VG: Always had enough food. You could take fifty cents and buy a whole shopping bag (of
food).
KW: Could you really?
VG: You could really buy just as much food.
KW: What did you do about lights before electrical appliances came in?
VG: We had lamps, kerosene lamps for several years before we got power. We had two Aladdin
lamps and then just lots of little lamps. Just all over the house and we would go around and
light them.
KW: And blow them out when you went to bed?
VG: Blow them out when you went to bed and light them when you got up. We just washed the
lamp chimneys and trimmed the wicks.
KW: What was your first electrical appliance?
VG: A washing machine and an iron.
KW: Was that after you were married?
VG: Oh, yes. We didn’t have power until, I believe Kent was a baby before we got power
through here. I don’t know how long it’s been…it was the REA (1935 Rural Electrification Act).
KW: That is what you had?
VG: Yes, and we got it just as soon as they were available and then a washing machine and an
iron.
KW: I bet you were tickled with that?
VG: I sure was and I also had a refrigerator. Kerosene I believe and for several years before we
got power. We had a Delco light plant (a small generator that farmers used for electricity). We
had lights and we had a refrigerator that you had to run this plant (the Delco) to build up the
power. We didn’t have (consistent) electricity until the power line came through.
12
�We had this Delco plant for several years before the power line came through. I forgot about
that. We had a building up here in the back with that light plant in it.
KW: Where is it at now?
VG: Oh, daddy sold it years and years ago. I can’t remember who bought it. Somebody back in
the country bought it before they got power. I can’t remember who.
KW: Tell me about some of the homemade remedies you had for medicines when you were
younger?
VG: Well, I’ll just have to tell you what mama did. If some of my children got sick, she doctored
them for years. She would make catnip tea and onion poultice (Onion poultices are used for
moving toxins out through the blood, lymph and skin in cases of bruising, swelling, and
inflammation that causes pain). Now, I don’t know how she made them, but she roasted an
onion poultice and I can’t remember what she put with it. But she would make that when one
was so tight in the chest. Put that on the chest. She used to make pennyroyal tea. Do you know
what pennyroyal is?
KW: No.
VG: Well, it grows out in the fields. It has a little blue flower on it and I don’t know what she
made that for. I mean, I don’t know what she doctored for, but I remember making it. That’s
about all I can remember other than salves and stuff like that. She used Vicks salve as far back
as I can remember it.
KW: Do you remember who was the first doctor in your community?
VG: After I moved up here, Dr. Blackburn. He lived in Todd, but he was our doctor and you had
to ride horseback, the doctor would. He was with me when my first baby was born and when
Fayne was born. Dr. J.B. Hagaman, Sr. was with me when Anna Lee was born.
Dr. Triplett from Wilkes was with me when the rest of them were born. They were all born here
at home.
KW: In your opinion, what do you think makes a good mother?
VG: Well, I think being Christian and I think staying home with your children and raising them
yourself and not leaving them with somebody else. I think correcting them and making them
mind, making them work. All of these things is what I did. I punished them if they didn’t…
KW: How did you punish them?
VG: I whipped them with a hickory (switch). That’s the way I punished them. Walter was always
13
�gone. He was just always away from home and I was just here with the five boys and you know
how they can fight and carry one. So I just whipped (them).
KW: Do you think people raise their children different today?
VG: Oh, yes. You know when I was a girl, girls didn’t ever go anywhere by themselves or with a
boyfriend. There were always somebody with them and they didn’t date like they do now.
What we did on Sunday afternoons were all the neighborhood children would get together and
play ball or some kind of game.
One Sunday we would gather and play at someone’s house and another Sunday, another
house. Just a whole bunch of boys and girls. We played all kinds of games. We used to ride
horses, take turns you know. Someone would take a ride and then another would ride. Things
like that. There was nowhere to go except church.
We went to church and you would come back home and you had dinner. Several would be
there for dinner and we would go home with each other from church and spend the evenings
together and have a good time.
KW: Sounds like you did.
VG: We did have a good time. But everybody went home in time to do up the evening work.
They had their chores to do and they had to go home and do them. They knew better than not
to (to neglect chores) because back then children, they would mind their parents and if they
didn’t they got in trouble. They would tell their children what time to come home and the
children were there at that time.
KW: What did people when they were dating each other?
VG: They went to church and the boys would go home with the girls from church. That was all
we did. We just went to church.
KW: It’s different from today isn’t it?
VG: I know. There were no shows (movies) to go to like they do now. There just wasn’t anything
to do but go to church and sometimes in the fall, we would have corn shuckings. Just a whole
bunch of people getting together…young people and shuck corn and we’d play games. I can’t
remember how the game worked exactly, but every once in a while you would find a red-ear of
corn and you would get a prize for that. I can’t remember what the prize was. That’s all we did.
If children now were like they were back then, they would have had a much better time than
now because there wouldn’t be so many things to do and they would be happy just to get to
play. I always had to work, I didn’t have much time to play. I was the oldest girl and there were
eight children (siblings), so I took care of them, washed and cook. I was always busy.
14
�KW: Okay, mama Greer, I want to ask you one more question. If you could change anything in
this world, what would you change?
VG: There are so many things that I’d change. I wouldn’t know which would be the most
important one. I really don’t. I just don’t know.
KW: Is there more than one thing that you would like to change?
VG: Yes. There are a lot of things that I want to see changed.
KW: Well, tell me one or two of them.
VG: Let me see…..one thing that I would change is the way young people do and I’d also change
a lot of things that the older people do. I’m just ‘old timey’ and I just like things to be done right
and good. I just want everybody to do what’s right.
KW: That’s the best way to be isn’t it?
VG: Oh, I’d just give anything if my children were all Christians and just lived life that I would
love them to. I think that I would be the happiest person in this world to see all my children
‘saved’ and all of them in church with my grandchildren.
END OF INTERVIEW
15
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews
Description
An account of the resource
In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region.
The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students.
Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU.
An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school.
This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965-1989
Sound
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Artist
Greer, Viola (interviewee)
Ward, Karen (interviewer)
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
01:33, Making 1uilts
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Viola N. Greer, June 14, 1943
Description
An account of the resource
Viola N. Greer was born on March 27, 1906 in Crandall, Tennessee, moving to Watauga County after she married Walter Greer and had two children Walter and Annie Lee. Her parents were Arthur and Martha Nichols Smith who were from Wilkes County, but had met in Tennessee. Her father bought timber for sawmills. As an adult she lived one year in Montana, then Ashe and Lenoir counties before returning to the Deep Gap area of Watauga County, where her children were reared. She died on November 2, 2003 at the age of 97.
During the interview Mrs. Greer talked about her parents, the importance of religion, quilting, making soap, superstitions such as walking under ladders, and planting by the signs.
Creator
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Greer, Viola N.
Source
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<a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
14-Jun-73
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited.
Format
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MP3
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
15 pages
Language
A language of the resource
English
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Sound
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
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Watauga County (N.C.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Greer, Viola N.--Interviews
Christian women--Religious life--North Carolina--Watauga County
Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century
Tennessee--Social life and customs--20th century
Quilting--North Carolina--Watauga County
Deep Gap
making quilts
religion
Tennessee
Watauga County N.C.